AMINES

Question 1

Name the two ways to prepare amines

Answer 1

Nucleophilic substitution
Reduction of Nitriles

Question 2

For nucleophilic substitution, explain the difference in products produced depending on which reactant is in excess

Answer 2

Halogenoalkane in excess = primary amines
NH3 in excess = further substitution occurs to produce secondary and tertiary amines

Question 3

What are quaternanry ammonium salts and what are they used for

Answer 3

When a teritary amine undergoes further substiution, forming an ion with N bonded to 4 r groups
This positive ion
Forms ionic bonds with negatively charged ions

Used for:
- catonic surfactants
- soaps and conditioners

Question 4

General reaction for reduction of nitriles

Answer 4

RCN + 4[H] > R-CH2-NH2

Question 5

What is the reduing agent used to reduce nitriles to aminnes

Answer 5

LiAlH4
or
H2 with Ni catalyst

Question 6

What is needed to convert nitrobenzene into phenylamine

Answer 6

HCl
Sn catalyst

Question 7

Out of phenylamine, NH3 and methylamine, order them from weakest to strongest base, giving explanation

Answer 7

Phenylamine, NH3 then Methylamine

Phenylamine is the weakest base because lone pair o electrons on the N is pulled into the ring of delocalisation in the benzene ring so the lone pair is LESS AVAILABLE

Methylamine is the strongest base because the CH3 R group causes the inductive flow of electrons towards the nitrogen, making the lone pair MORE AVAILABLE

Question 8

How would you name the following:

CH3-CH2-CH2-CO-NH-CH3-CH3

Answer 8

N-ethylbutanamide

Question 9

When nitrobenzene is reduced to phenylamine, what else is produced

Answer 9

water

Question 10

What is the angle between carbon atoms in benzene

Answer 10

120 degrees

Question 11

What is the angle between carbon atoms in cycloalkane

Answer 11

109