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Biol 371 > Amimals(2) > Flashcards

Amimals(2) Flashcards

1
Q

Protostomes can be further divided into _____ &______

A

Lophotrochozoans

Ecdysoszoans

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2
Q

Lophotrochozoans are?

A

Protostomes
Some have a trocophore larva
Some have a lophophore feeding structure
We can identify them using molecular evidence or body segmentation (repeating
-chordates, anthropods,earthworms/leeches

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3
Q

What are ecdyzoans

A 
Extermal cuticle that is shed to grow(ecdysis)
Hard exoskeleton
Diagnostics:
Body segmentation-no longer useful
Molecular evidence
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4
Q

What is body segmentation?

A 
Used to be used to classify 
Metameric segmentation (repeating)
Chordates/anthropods/earthworms/leeches
Not very useful because it comes and goes
Now use molecular evidence
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5
Q

What makes protosomes and deuterostomes different?

A 
Protosome-
-spiral cleavage
-schizocoelous coelom
-blastopore forms the mouth first
-determinate cleavage
-ventral,solid nerve cord that surrounds the digestive system anteriorly
Deuterostome-
-radial cleavage
-enterocoelous coelum
-blastopore forms the anus first
-indeterminate cleavage
-dorsal, hollow nerve cord, brain does not surround digestive tract
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6
Q

What is spiral cleavage?

A

Top cells rotate to sit on the cracks of the bottom cells

Radial cleavage is when the cells do not rotate but instead sit in line with the bottom cells

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7
Q

What is the difference between schizocoelous coelum and enterocoelous coelum?

A

Schizo means split, this coelom splits and is present in protostomes

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8
Q

What is the difference between determinate cleavage and indeterminate cleavage?

A

Determinate cleavage means that the cells have a predetermined function, so if one was lost the cells would die
Indeterminate cleavage means that the cells dont have a predetermined function, so if one was lost the cells would be fine and the lost one could make a whole new organism (identical)

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9
Q

Protosome shows _______ cleavage and deuterostome shows______ cleavage

A

Protosome shows spiral cleavage and deuterostome shows radial cleavage

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10
Q

Opistokont

Animal

A 
Chemoheterotropic
No cell wall
Motile
Oxidative phosphoylation
Sense and respond to environment
Diploid stage dominant
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11
Q

Opistokont diagnostic characteristics

A

Common set of extracellular matrix molecules (proteoglycan collagen)
Cell-cell membrane junctions~~>
Tight(vertabrate)/septate(invertebrates)
Desmoses-leaky seals
gap junctions-pore for electrical currents/ions

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12
Q

Some consequences of being mobile

A

-need muscle
-need senses
-head structure
(Cephalozation)

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13
Q

Diploblastic

A

Two tissue layers during development(sponges)

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14
Q

Tissue layers and symmetry

A

Ectoderm,mesoderm and endoderm
Diploblastic(radial) have ecto/endoderm
Triploblastic(bilateral) have ecto/meso/endo
See photo

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15
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin

Nervous systerm

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16
Q

Mesoderm

A

Bone

Muscle, blood

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17
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive system, respiratory system

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18
Q

Coelom

A

Body cavities of bilateria
within the mesoderm
Can be used to grow tissues,hysrostatic skeleton, absorbs shock, fluid transfer
See photo

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19
Q

A gametophyte is multicellular true or flase

A

True

20
Q

A gametophyte makes __ though__

A

Gametes, mitosis!!

21
Q

All animals that are radially symetric

A

Have nerves

22
Q

Animal developmental patterns

A

Diploblastic
Zygote~> 8 cell stage~> blastula->gastrula(ectoderm, endoderm, blastopore)

Triploblastic
Zygote->8cell~>blastula->early gastrula->late gastrula(ectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm,blastopore

23
Q

Bilateria

A

Protosome

Deuterstome

24
Q

Protostome development

A

Determinate-take a cell away it wont survive
Spiral cleavage, sits on the cracks, not lined up
Primative gut
Split coelum
Blastospore develops into mouth first, then anus forms
Ventral-solid nerve cord that surrounds the digestive tract anteriorly

25
Q

Deuterostome development

A

Deuce hole forms first-deut
Radial cleavage-sits nicely on top
Indeterminate-can take away a cell and it will survive
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord,brain does not surround digestive tract

26
Q

Protostomes are further divided into

A

Lophotrochozoans

Ecdysozans

27
Q

Lophotrochozoans

A

Protostome
Some have a trocophore larva
Some have a lophophore feeding structure
Look at animal diversity photo

28
Q

Ecdysozoans

A

External cuticle that is shed to grow(ecdysis)
Protostomes
Look at animal diversity pictures

29
Q

Phylum porifera

A

Sponges
Asymmetrical
Para(beside)zoans- no true tissues
Sessile as adults(no nerves,filter feeders)

30
Q

Phyla ctenophera and cnidia

A

Radial sym
Diploblastic
-sea gooseberries(ctenophera)
-jellyfish,sea anenomies,coral,hydra (cnidaria)

31
Q

Body forms of radial animals

A

Medusa- jellyfish looking

Polyp- sea anenome looking

32
Q

Cnidocytes and nematocysts f

A

Harpoon like nematocysts are microscopic,found on skin of cnidarians
Contact triggers namatocyst ejection
Some can inject toxins into predators or prey
The cnidocyte is the cell

33
Q

Proterostomes and deuterostomes are both

A

Triploblastic

34
Q

Proterostomes->lophotrochozoans->

A 
Phylums :
Platyhelminthes-flat worms
Rotifera-crown of cilia for feeding
Molluska-clams and stuff- have head/foot
Annelida-segmented worms-earhworms,leeches, marine bristiles
35
Q

Phylum platyhelminthes

A

Flat worm
Tubellarian
Most of the animal is dedicated to reproduction, dont need a digestive system

36
Q

Phylum mollusca

A 
See photo
Head foot
Mantle
Digestive system 
Visceral mass*
37
Q

Ecdysoszoans

A

Protosome
External cuticle of chitin protects animal and must be shed(ecdysis) for the animal to grow
Phylums:
Nematoda-round worms-important in agriculture and medicine
Artropoda-largest animal phylum

38
Q

Arthropoda

A 
Ecdysozoan(protostome)
Largest animal phylum
Arthro(joint)
Poda(feet)
Exoskeleton,segmented body
-insects,spiders,scorpians,crustaceans,centi/millipedes
39
Q

Arthropod traits

A

Segmented body
Head,thorax,abdomen
Jointed legs
*first animals to go from water to land

40
Q

Bilaterally sym deutero phylum

A

Echinodermata
Hemichordata
Chordata

41
Q

Echinodermata

A

Deuterstome
Bilaterally sym larvae
Spiny skin
Can regenerate missing parts, sexual and asexual
Pentadiate 5 sym adults
Water vasculature system, tube feet
Starfish, sand dollar, brittle stars,sea cucumber

42
Q

Hemichordata

A 
Bilateral sym, Deuterostome
Acorn worms
Half chordate
Dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gills
Stomocord - stiffens body
43
Q

Phylum chordata

A

Sub phyla:
Urochordata
Cephalochordata
Vertebrata

44
Q

Animals evolved as a chronoflagellate like colony t or f

A

T

45
Q

Plants and red/green algae are

A

Archaeplastida

Their ancestors aquired plastids

Biol 371 (6 decks)

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