Americanisation and Dawes Act Flashcards
When did the USA use Assimilation/Americanisation policies to destroy Native American culture?
1851-1871
When was the Carlisle Indian Industrial School first founded?
1879
Who founded the Carlisle Industrial schools?
Richard Henry Pratt
How many Native American children attended boarding schools by 1900?
Over 20,000
How did the US government try to assimilate NAs religiously?
Christian missionaries tried to convert Native Americans
How many Native Americans were Catholic by 1901?
101,000
When was the Wounded Knee massacre?
1890
How many Native Americans were killed at Wounded Knee?
300
Which act prohibited Native American spiritual ceremonies?
1883 Religious Crimes Code
Which act undermined tribal governance by extending federal jurisdiction over tribal lands?
1885 Major Crimes Act
What was the aim of the Dawes Act?
To break up tribal land ownership and assimilate Native Americans into WASP society
When was the Dawes Act introduced?
1887
Who introduced the Dawes Act?
Senator Henry Dawes
How much land did the Dawes Act provide each Native American family?
160 acres
How long was land held in trust by the US government before Native owners could become US citizens?
25 years
How much tribal land was lost in the Dawes Act?
90 million acres
Why were land allotments not economically viable for many Native Americans?
Many NAs were unfamiliar with farming, poor soil and lack of resources
Which tribe legally challenged the Dawes Act?
The Cherokee Nation
Which President provided the ideas and sentiments for the Dawes Act in 1881?
Chester Arthur
By 1910 how many whites vs NAs were settled in the Nez Perce reserve?
30,000 whites, 1500 Nez Perce
