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Texas Wine > American Wine Book - Texas > Flashcards

American Wine Book - Texas Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 8 AVA’s in Texas?

A

West to East: Mesilla Valley, Texas Davis Mountain, Texas High Plains, Escondido (Hidden) Valley, Texas Hill Country, Fredericksburg, Bell Mountain, Texoma.

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2
Q

What Texas AVA crosses a state line?

A

Mesilla Valley (mostly in New Mexico)

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3
Q

How many vineyard acres in Texas? How does that size compare with Napa Valley?

A

5000 of which 3800 are bearing (National Agricultural Statistics Service - 2015), about 1/10th the size of Napa Valley

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4
Q

What are the best grape varieties grown in Texas?

A

Black Spanish/Lenoir/Jacquez, Blanc du Bois, Muscat, Sangiovese, Tempranillo, Viognier

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5
Q

Black Spanish refers to what grape varieties?

A

Black Spanish is a synonym for both Jacquez/Lenoir (hybrid) and Listan Prieto/Mission (V. vinifera) grapes.

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6
Q

How many wineries are in Texas?

A

just over 200 active wineries, but 350 State-permitted entities (txwine.org)

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7
Q

Who was Frank Qualia?

A

European immigrant to Texas 1882, founded Val Verde Winery.

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8
Q

What was Texas’s only commercial winery during prohibition?

A

Val Verde Winery

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9
Q

Who founded Val Verde Winery?

A

Frank Qualia

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10
Q

According to wineamerica.org, what are the top 10 wine producing US States by volume?

A

(million of gallons - wineamerica.org 2014 data)

  1. California (783) 2. Washington (34) 3. New York(28)
  2. Pennsylvania (10) 5. Oregon (7) 6. Vermont (4)
  3. Ohio (3) 8. Michigan (2) 9. Kentucky (2) 10. Texas (1)
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11
Q

According to wineamerica.org, what are the top 10 US States by number of wineries?

A

(wineamerica. org data, 2013: 7,946 total)
1. California (3,782) 2. Washington (681) 3. Oregon (599)
4. New York (320) 5. Virginia (248) 6. Texas (204)
7. Pennsylvania (182) 8. Ohio (143) 9. Michigan (137)
10. North Carolina (129)

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12
Q

Who saved the European wine industry after phylloxera? Where was he from? What was his seminal contribution?

A

Thomas Volney Munson from Denison, Texas, found native Texas rootstock that could tolerate limestone soils and allow grafting of V. vinifera vines. Although these rootstocks did not achieve their intended function, hybrids from these did allow success.

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13
Q

What viticulture award did T.V. Munson win?

A

French Chevalier du Merite Agricole, 1888

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14
Q

Besides T.V. Munson, what other Americans also won the French Chevalier du Merite Agriole for their work on viticulture?

A

Hermann Jaeger (supplying rootstock from Missouri) in 1893 and Frank Lamson-Scribner (while working for the USDA, originally from Maine) in 1890

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15
Q

What are the 4 main AVA’s in Texas?

A

Texas High Plain, Texas Hill Country, Fredericksburg (sub-AVA) and Bell Mountain (sub-AVA). This assertion is dubious as the two sub-AVA’s do not produce much wine.

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16
Q

What is most important biological threat to Texas viticulture?

A

Pierce’s Disease

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17
Q

What is the vector of Pierce’s Disease?

A

sharpshooter insects (originally the blue-green, but now glassy winged)

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18
Q

What are the geographical determinants of Pierce’s Disease?

A

Primary: riparian; secondary: low altitude and southern climes. Only areas situated on the banks of a river (riparian) are susceptible. Disease is less prevalent where winter temperatures are cold, such as more northern areas, high altitudes and inland areas.

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19
Q

Which Vitis varieties are resistant to Pierce’s Disease?

A

Hybrids such as Blanc du Bois, Norton (Cynthiana) and Jacquez (Black Spanish) are resistant. Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia) have a natural resistance. There are no resistant Vitis vinifera varieties; Chardonnay and Pinot Noir are especially sensitive.

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20
Q

What are the main climatic threats to Texas viticulture?

A

Hail, drought, high winds, thunderstorms and spring frosts

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21
Q

What is the bacteria that causes Pierce’s Disease?

A

Xylella fastidiosa

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22
Q

What are the main reservoirs of sharpshooter insects?

A

The proximity of vineyards to citrus orchards compounds the threat, because citrus is not only a host for the sharpshooter eggs, but it is also a popular overwintering site for the insect. Likewise, oleander, a common landscaping plant in California, serves as a reservoir for Xylella.

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23
Q

What plants are the main plant targets of Pierce’s disease?

A

Grapevines, olive, almonds, citrus, stone fruits, alfalfa and oleander. Although different strains of this organism cause similar diseases in other crops, they appear to be host specific, i.e., the grape strain does not appear to infect peach and vice versa.

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24
Q

What is mechanism of Pierce’s disease?

A

It is caused by a xylem-limited bacterium that clogs the vascular tissue of susceptible grape cultivars.

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25
Q

What areas of Texas are most susceptible to Pierce’s disease?

A

Although the disease has been found in all parts of Texas, the risk is much greater in East Texas, South Texas and along the Gulf Coast. The pathogen is sensitive to cold winter temperatures and it is believed that vine infection alone in the High Plains is most probably not fatal.

26
Q

What did Richard Becker do before making wine?

A

He was an endocrinologist in San Antonio.

27
Q

What are the prestige labels for Becker Vineyards?

A

Reserve Cabernet Sauvignon and Prairie Rotie (Rhone varieties)

28
Q

Who are the principals behind Flat Creek Estate?

A

Rick and Madelyn Nabor

29
Q

What are the wineries backing 4.0 Cellars?

A

McPherson Cellaars (Lubbock), Lost Oaks Winery (Burleson) and Brennan Vineyards (Comanche)

30
Q

Who are the principals behind Stone House Vineyard and where is it located?

A

Angela and Howard Moench in Spicewood.

31
Q

What are the prestige labels for Stone House Vineyards?

A

Claros Norton and Scheming Beagle (port style)

32
Q

What percent of Texas vineyard acreage is located in the Texas High Plains AVA?

A

Nearly 85%, approximately 3500/4000.

33
Q

Who founded Llano Estacado Winery?

A

Clinton “Doc” McPherson and Robert Reed in 1975.

34
Q

What is Texas’s largest fine-wine producer?

A

Llano Estacado in Lubbock

35
Q

What is Texas’s largest (bulk) wine producer?

A

Ste. Genevieve Winery in Fort Stockton. It is owned by private investors under the name Mesa Vineyards. They hold a long-term lease for a large amount of vineyard land owned by the State of Texas.

36
Q

What is genetic origin of Norton grape?

A

It is a hybrid of V. aestivalis (North American) and V. vinifera (European.)

37
Q

Where and when were the first Texas wines made?

A

Catholic missions near El Paso along the Rio Grande certainly made wine in the 1600’s.

38
Q

What is the largest (by total area) Texas AVA?

A

Texas Hill Country AVA encompasses 15,000 square miles (although Texas High Plains has many more vineyard acres.)

39
Q

Who were the architects of the Texas Hill Country AVA?

A

Ed and Susan Auler, founders of Fall Creek Vineyards

40
Q

What premium vineyards supply grapes to Fall Creek Vineyards?

A

Certenberg Vineyard (in Voca, 50 miles north of Fredericksburg) and Salt Lick Vineyard (just southwest of Austin.)

41
Q

Who are the principals of Certenberg Vineyards?

A

Martha (Cervantes) and Alphonse Dotson (former NFL lineman)

42
Q

Who is the producer of “Super Texan” wine?

A

Flat Creek Estate, East of Marble Falls.

43
Q

Where is Duchman Family Winery and what is its focus?

A

It is located in Driftwood, southwest of Austin, and focuses on Italian varieties.

44
Q

What is the altitude of the Texas High Plains AVA?

A

3000 - 4000 feet

45
Q

Describe the soils of the Texas High Plains AVA?

A

red sand and clay over calciferous caliche resulting in excellent drainage

46
Q

What are the premium vineyards (and growers) in the Texas High Plains AVA?

A

Reddy Vineyards, Bingham Family Vineyards, Newsom Vineyards

47
Q

What are the two main grape varietals in southeast Texas?

A

Blanc du Bois (notable at Haak Vineyards and Winery) and Jacquez (aka Black Spanish, notably at Messina Hof Winery and resort)

48
Q

Who are the principals for Messina Hof Winery and Resort?

A

Paul and Merrill Bonarrigo

49
Q

Who is the principal for Haak Vineyards and Winery?

A

Raymond Haak

50
Q

What is the flagship wine of Llano Estacado?

A

Viviano Superiore Rosso, a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Sangiovese

51
Q

What is the relationship between Llano Estacado and McPherson Winery?

A

Llano Estacado was founded by Clinton “Doc” McPherson and Robert Reed in 1975. Clinton’s son, Kim McPherson founded McPherson Winery in 2000.

52
Q

What is the focus of Fairhaven Vineyards and who is the principal?

A

Fairhaven Vineyards focuses on Texas heritage vines (Lomanto, Nitodal, Extra and Delicatessa.) R.L. Winters is the principal.

53
Q

Where is Fairhaven Vineyards located?

A

North of Tyler.

54
Q

What is the Caprock Escarpment?

A

The Caprock Escarpment is a term used in West Texas and Eastern New Mexico to describe the geographical transition point between the level high plains of the Llano Estacado and the surrounding rolling terrain.

55
Q

What is the English translation of escondido?

A

hidden

56
Q

What is the Llano Estacado?

A

The “staked plain,” a high mesa sloping at a rate of approximately ten feet per mile toward the southeast. To Europeans who approached the High Plains from the west, across the Pecos, the sheer cliffs of the Mescalero Escarpment near the site of present Cuero, New Mexico, appeared to be stockaded or palisaded like a fort.

57
Q

What is the Caprock?

A

The Caprock is a “hard-pan” layer that developed a few feet below the ground as highly mineral subsoil particles cemented themselves together to form a rock-like layer that resists erosion. Although the name Caprock technically applies only to the formation itself, the expression is often loosely used to mean the whole Llano Estacado.

58
Q

What is the English translation of estacado?

A

palisaded or stockaded.

59
Q

What is the geographic definition of the Mesilla Valley?

A

The Mesilla Valley is a geographic feature of Southern New Mexico and far West Texas. It was formed by repeated heavy spring floods of the Rio Grande.

60
Q

What is the English translation of mesilla?

A

side table

61
Q

According to txwine.org, what are the top 6 wine producing US States by volume?

A

California, Washington, New York, Oregon, Texas and Virginia, Texas is number 5

62
Q

According to txwine.org, what are the top wine grape producing in the USA?

A

Texas is number 7.

Texas Wine (4 decks)

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