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US History I > American Revolution Test > Flashcards

American Revolution Test Flashcards

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1
Q

what did French fear the loss of and to who?

A

fur trading in the Ohio Valley to English settlers

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2
Q

what did small battles escalate to?

A

global conflict

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3
Q

who was George Washington?

A
  • land surveyor & militia officer
  • attacked French in Ohio Valley 1754
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4
Q

what the British representatives fail to do?

A

get full Iroquois support against French

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5
Q

what did Benjamin Franklin propose and in what?

A
  • in Albany Plan of Union
  • proposed “general government” for 13 colonies
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6
Q

who approved the Albany Plan of Union? rejected?

A
  • delegates approved
  • colonial assemblies rejected
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7
Q

why did colonial assemblies reject the Albany Plan of Union?

A

didn’t want to give their individual power

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8
Q

whose loss began the major fighting of what war?

A
  • General Edward Braddock 1755
  • French & Indian War
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9
Q

what British action led to the discontinuation of attacks of British troops?

A
  • British eventually cut off supply lines
  • Delaware Indians stopped attacking British troops
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10
Q

what land did the British gain as a result of what agreement?

A
  • Treaty of Paris 1763
  • Canada, all French land east of Mississippi, & Florida from Spain
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11
Q

what happened to French power in North America after the Treaty of Paris? what were the British left with?

A
  • basically eliminated
  • major debt
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12
Q

what was Pontiac’s War?

A
  • Ottawa chief led attacks against British
  • w/o French support, it ended
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13
Q

what did the Proclamation of 1763 do?

A

prohibited English settlement west of Appalachians

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14
Q

who did the British begin aggressively prosecuting?

A

smugglers avoiding customs duties

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15
Q

where were trials of suspected smugglers being held?

A
  • British naval courts in Nova Scotia
  • not jury trials in the colonies
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16
Q

what two things angered colonists?

A
  • trials of suspected smugglers
  • taxes to pay for British troops in Appalachians
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17
Q

what was the Sugar Act?

A
  • 1764
  • raised taxes on molasses and sugar
  • placed taxes on other imported goods
  • suspected smugglers’ property could be seized w/o due process
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18
Q

what was the Stamp Act?

A
  • 1765
  • placed new tax on all legal documents (wills, diplomas, marriage papers)
  • also taxed most goods made of paper (newspapers, playing cards, dice)
  • all good had to have legal stamp on it proving you paid the tax
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19
Q

colonists were upset they weren’t included in what?

A
  • Britain’s policy making
  • including banning of paper money to slow inflation
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20
Q

what did colonists begin to do in retaliation?

A

boycott (refuse to buy) certain goods & services

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21
Q

what did the colonists participate in? what was the purpose of this?

A
  • peaceful protest (ex. nonimportation agreement)
  • have Stamp Act repealed/cancelled
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22
Q

what did Britain continue to do despite colonist retaliation?

A
  • place taxes & duties on colonists
  • including Townshend Acts
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23
Q

why did colonists organize their own protests?

A
  • protest tax on household goods
  • protest writs of assistance
  • protest Townshend Acts
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24
Q

how did the Boston Massacre start?

A
  • crowd of colonists heckling British regulars (soldiers) at the Boston Custom house
  • attacked them with ice balls & oyster shells
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25
Q

what did the soldiers do at the Boston Massacre?

A

fired into the crowd, killing 5 people

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26
Q

who defended the British soldiers at the Boston Massacre? were they successful?

A
  • John Adams
  • yes
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27
Q

what did Thomas Jefferson suggest each colony create? why?

A
  • committee of correspondence
  • unify colonial response to Britain’s actions
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28
Q

how did the Boston Tea Party occur?

A
  • colonists dressed as Mohawk Indians
  • dumped tea into Boston Harbor
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29
Q

what was the Boston Tea Party a protest against?

A

British tea companies ability to sell to colonists at a lower rate

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30
Q

what did colonists believe the issue was regarding the Boston Tea Party?

A

Parliament’s ability to tax colonists

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31
Q

what were the four Coercive Acts?

A
  • Boston Port Act
  • Massachusetts Government Act
  • Administration of Justice Act
  • Quartering Act
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32
Q

what did the Boston Port Act do?

A

closed Boston Harbor; no ships in or out until tea was paid for

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33
Q

what did the Massachusetts Government Act do?

A
  • colonists couldn’t hold meetings more than once a year w/o permission
  • trial juries now chosen by British officials
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34
Q

what did the Administration of Justice Act do?

A

British customs officials accused of crimes could be tried out of the colonies

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35
Q

what did the Quartering Act do?

A

British soldiers could move into colonist homes if no other housing was “available”

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36
Q

when and where was the First Continental Congress held?

A

September 1774 in Philidelphia

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37
Q

what did the Declaration of Rights and Grievances do?

A

expressed loyalty to king but condemned Coercive Acts

38
Q

what did representatives from all colonies, besides Georgia, agree to do?

A
  • boycott British goods
  • stop exporting goods to England
  • until Coercive Acts repealed
39
Q

what was each colony urged to do?

A

train & establish a militia

40
Q

define miltia.

A

citizens who serve as soldiers during an emergency

41
Q

define minutemen.

A

Massachusetts militia who were ready to fight “at a minute’s notice”

42
Q

what did a group of British soldiers leave Boston to do?

A

seize a weapons cache held by Sons of Liberty

43
Q

who were the midnight riders & what did they do?

A
  • Dr. Samuel Prescott, William Dawes, & Paul Revere
  • warn & assemble militia to protect weapons
44
Q

how many minutemen were gathered? were they outnumbered?

A
  • 70 minutemen on Lexington green
  • outnumbered by British troops
45
Q

what started a firefight at Lexington?

A
  • British asked minutemen to leave
  • shot fired, not known by who
46
Q

what did the British do after finding no weapons? what did they find?

A
  • headed back to Boston
  • faced by 300 minutemen on Concord Bridge
47
Q

what were the British forced to do as a result of what at Lexington & Concord?

A
  • retreat
  • shot at by militia & sharpshooters in woods
48
Q

where did the Second Continental Congress meet?

A

Philidelphia

49
Q

what did the Second Continental Congress approve?

A

continental army to be led by George Washington

50
Q

what were colonists holding on June 16, 1775? what were British regulars sent to do?

A
  • Breed’s Hill
  • 2200 sent to take the hill
51
Q

what was William Prescott’s famous quote?

A

“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”

52
Q

how did the Battle of Bunker Hill improve American morale?

A

1000 casualties helped build confidence

53
Q

what was “Common Sense”?

A

written work by Thomas Paine that attempted to break some colonists’ loyalty to Britain

54
Q

what are three things Paine stated in “Common Sense”?

A
  • monarchy was wrong
  • colonists didn’t “owe” anything to Britain
  • staying under British control was bad for colonists
55
Q

why was independence a hard decision for Congress?

A

they would be traitors to England & executed

56
Q

who did Congress decide on the draft the document? what did it state?

A
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • declared colonies “free and independent states”
57
Q

who signed the document and when?

A
  • continental congress
  • July 4, 1776
58
Q

what were some pros on the colonial side?

A
  • good with firearms
  • strong leadership (G. Washington)
  • will to defend home/property
  • knowledge of land -> guerilla warfare
59
Q

what were some cons on the colonial side?

A
  • lack of experience & organization
60
Q

what were some pros on the British side?

A
  • well trained & experienced
  • excellent navy
  • many colonists supported
61
Q

where were some cons on the British side?

A
  • far from home (news, supplies)
  • didn’t know land as well
62
Q

what was the Battle of Trenton-Princeton?

A
  • Washington crosses Delaware
  • ambushes Hessian mercenaries
63
Q

what was the Camp at Valley Forge?

A
  • new officers from France & Prussia help Washington train Continental Army
  • boosted morale
64
Q

what was the Battle of Saratoga?

A
  • turning point of war
  • American victory French to join in war against Britain
65
Q

who retreated to Yorktown to protect supply lines?

A

General Charles Cornwallis

66
Q

what did the French Navy do?

A

blockaded harbor

67
Q

what did American & French forces do to Yorktown?

A

surrounded the city

68
Q

what was Cornwallis forced to do?

A

surrender

69
Q

who negotiated a treaty with the British Parliament?

A
  • John Adams
  • Benjamin Franklin
  • John Jay
70
Q

what was the result of what 1783 treaty?

A
  • Treaty of Paris 1783
  • US recognized as independent nation by Britain
71
Q

what did the idea of a republic lead to?

A
  • new ideas & freedoms throughout colonies
  • voting rights for men (all social classes & religion)
72
Q

what small gains were made for minorities?

A
  • education for women
  • emancipation for African-Americans in most northern areas
73
Q

what enlightenment thinker’s idea of social contract was used in the formation of the Declaration of Independence?

A

John Locke

74
Q

what signaled the start of the AR?

A

Lexington & Concord

75
Q

what was Cornwallis’ mistake?

A
  • when he retreated to the Yorktown Peninsula to protect supply lines
  • led to British defeat
76
Q

what trapped the British army at Yorktown?

A

blockade of French warships

77
Q

what was a major reason for conflict where the French feared the loss of fur trading in the Ohio Valley?

A

conflict between Great Britain and France

78
Q

what was the Declaration of Independence?

A
  • listed King George III’s misdeeds
  • asserted citizens’ rights
  • declared people’s right to overthrow gov.
79
Q

what are the four parts of the Declaration?

A
  • preamble
  • natural rights
  • British wrongs/grievances
  • independence
80
Q

why did Parliament raise taxes in the colonies after 1763?

A

to pay for the French & Indian War

81
Q

what were created as a result of the Boston Tea Party, “grounding” Boston?

A

Coercive Acts

82
Q

the French navy blockaded Chesapeake Bay causing this.

A

British surrender

83
Q

what was the strategy used by colonists to resist British military tactics?

A

guerilla warfare

84
Q

who was the Declaration of Independece directed towards?

A

King George III

85
Q

life and liberty are references to what?

A

natural rights

86
Q

this idea was in both the Declaration and Treaty of Paris.

A

independence from Britain

87
Q

which enlightenment principle was the basis of the delclaration?

A

natural rights

88
Q

who was the author of the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

89
Q

who were the mercenaries ambushed at Trenton?

A

Hessians

90
Q

which five men collaborated on the Declaration of Independence?

A
  • Thomas Jefferson
  • Benjamin Franklin
  • John Adams
  • Roger Sherman
  • Robert R. Livingston

US History I (8 decks)

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