American History exam 2 Flashcards
New Immigrants
1890-1924 ~18 million immigrants from southern/eastern Europe. Seeking economic betterment, many had plans for return migration. Led to chain migration of families, leading to the construction of cultural school and churches. Immigrants were seen as a potential public health hazard.
Chinese exclusion Act
1882: Prohibits most Chinese immigration. Seen as uninterested in assimilation.
Anti-Imperialists
Organized into the Anti-Imperialist League. Concerns: Independence becoming plunder, military stretched too thin, cheap labor if jobs were outsourced, and race anxieties (why help other races when you African Americans need help. RESPONSE TO RISE IN IMPERIALISM
Open Door Policy
Open Door notes by John Hay Developed into policy in 1899. The United States saw the division of China as a risk to U.S interests. Policy claimed that China should be left open for free commerce. Imperialist interests
Roosevelt Corollary
1904 by president Roosevelt. Expanded the Monroe Doctrine to state that the U.S has a right to intervene in Latin America. Protects the territories that the U.S gained following the Spanish- American War.
Muckraking Journalism
Journalism during the PROGRESSIVE ERA (1890-1920). Goal: expose corruption, greed, and exploitation. Then arouse reform. One of the most popular works was Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906), a novel about the meat packing plants in Chicago. Outrage of the public.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
1911 NY. Factory doors were chained shut to prevent striking. A fire broke out and women jumped to death to avoid dying by fire. BEGIN CALL FOR LABOR REFORM. MUNICIPAL HOUSEKEEPING WOMEN “CLEAN UP CITIES”
Election 1912
William Howard Taft (incumbent Republican) v. Woodrow Wilson (new freedom: pull apart corporate power w/out big govt.) v. Theodore Roosevelt (progressive bc lost republican primary to TAFT: Counter rights/power of corporate through BIG GOVT. (New nationalism) ) v. Eugene Debbs (Socialist). Wilson wins with 42% of the vote.
Selective Service Act
- Starts the draft. 24 million men were asked to register, much resistance. Led to the Slacker Raids and the American Protective League.
Committee on Public Information
Headed by George Creel. made pro war propaganda. Trained “Four Minute Men” to go around the country and give 4 min speeches to encourage support for the war. Formed the idea that public opinion exists and can be manipulated. STARTED THE UNDOING OF PROGRESSIVE IDEOLOGY.
Red Scare
Following WWI: Vets return home leads to high unemployment. Thus labor strikes (3,300 strikes). Strikes were seen as “un-American”
The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia during the war led to the rise of Vladimir Lenin in Russia, And the rise of communism.
Attempted Mail bombs sent to public figures in the spring of 1919 by anarchists leads the Palmer Raids: Raid of radicals without search warrants. Most were jailed without counsel. AMERICANS FELT THAT MINIORITES RIGHTS WERE VIOLATED.
Ethnicization
During Immigration. Becoming an ethnic group through migration and invented traditions. Nations were new so immigrants were tied to towns rather than nations. (EX: ST PATTYS DAY HERE)
National Origins Act
- Closed immigration by setting a quota for each ethnic group for each year. Quotas set based in the % of ethnic group in population during 1890 (before New Immigrants had come). Excluded Asians entirely. Creates border control between mexico/canada.
Spanish American War
Feb 1898, USS Maine explodes in havanna harbor. Portrayed as an act of Spanish aggression. April 19, 1898, US declares war. Leads to Teller Amendment, US does not have the goal to annex Cuba. US blockades Cuba. The Spanish surrender: US gets Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Helped America fight in the Spanish American war. He opposed US colonialism in the Philippines, which did not allow for Philippine self govt. Leads to the Philippine-American war, 3 yrs of geurilla warfare.
