america revolution Flashcards
first pure protestants
PURITANS
What was the Old Regime in France?
Absolute monarchy considered the richest and most powerful in Europe
Who was Louis XIV?
King of France who declared himself the Sun King, ruled for 72 years
What are the three estates of the Old Regime?
- First estate: clergy
- Second estate: nobility
- Third estate: peasants, city workers, bourgeoisie
What burden did the Third Estate carry?
They shouldered the tax of the whole France
What contributed to France’s near bankruptcy?
- Luxurious living of the aristocracy
- Maintenance of Versailles
- Helping the Americans
What was the Tennis Court Oath?
Third Estate’s oath not to separate until the constitution is established
When was the Storming of the Bastille?
14 July 1789
What was the Bastille?
- Prison
- Medieval fortress
- Symbol of French tyranny
What was the Great Fear?
Peasant upheaval due to nobles’ inability to protect the Old Regime
What does the Declaration of the Rights of the Man and of the Citizen state?
Men are born free and equal in rights; the government secures these rights
What does the Constitution of 1791 establish?
- Patterned after the American Declaration of Independence
- Separation of powers: Executive, legislature, judiciary
- Limited monarchy
Who were the Jacobins?
Radicals who wanted a republic instead of a limited monarchy
What happened to King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette?
Executed by guillotine in January and October 1793 respectively
What was the Reign of Terror?
Period where Maximilien Robespierre imprisoned and executed opponents
When did the Reign of Terror occur?
July 1793 to April 1794
What happened to Robespierre?
Executed on 28 July 1794 after a failed suicide attempt
What was the Directoire?
Government established after Robespierre’s death, weak and led to a coup
Who was Napoleon Bonaparte?
Emperor of the French who built a vast empire and ruled from 1799 to 1815
What were the major coalitions during the Napoleonic Wars?
- Third Coalition (1803-06)
- Fourth Coalition (1806-07)
- Fifth Coalition (1809)
- Sixth Coalition (1813)
- Seventh Coalition (1815)
What happened to Napoleon after his defeat?
Exiled to St. Helena after losing at the Battle of Waterloo
What significant reforms did Napoleon implement?
- Established the Bank of France (1800)
- Founded Lycee (1801)
- Created the Napoleonic Code (1804)
What is the Napoleonic Code?
Uniform system of laws across France established in 1804
What does ‘Napoleonic complex’ refer to?
Aggressive behavior often associated with shorter individuals
