AMD Flashcards
1
Q
What is the pathogenesis of AMD?
A
Lipid deposits build up in the bruch’s membrane as RPE can’t remove it. Deposits called drusen form which are yellow-waxy lesions.
In wet AMD, new vessels arise and grow through the bruch’s membrane and RPE forming a sub-retinal neovascular membrane
2
Q
How is AMD classified?
A
Three Types:
- No AMD: Little/No Drusen (<63 microns)
- Early AMD: More small drusen and a few intermediate sized drusen (63-125) and hyper/hypopigmentation of RPE
- Late AMD: Geographic Atrophy (vision usually worse than 6/18)
3
Q
What are the signs of AMD?
A
- Absent Foveal reflex
- Drusen
- Hyper/Hypopigmentation of RPE
- Geographic atrophy and haemorrhages seen in wet AMD.
4
Q
Name 4 symptoms of AMD:
A
- Blurred central vision
- Metamorphosia
- Positive Scotoma
- Painless
(For macular oedema: metamorphopsia and blurred vision).
5
Q
What investigations would you do with a patient with suspected AMD:
A
1, D/N Va and Pinhole Va
- OCT
- FFA
- Amsler
- Dilated Slit lamp
- Refraction
6
Q
What management/referral would you do for Dry AMD and Wet AMD?
A
- For Dry AMD: Monitor, Lifestyle advice, Give them an Amsler Grid.
- For Wet AMD: Urgent Referral within 2 weeks
7
Q
What are the three types of treatment for AMD?
A
For dry AMD: diet/lifestyle change
For wet AMD: Anti VEGF, Argon Laser, Photo Dynamic Therapy (PDT) if photoreceptors susceptible to damage.
