Ambyopia

Question 1

What is amblyopia

Answer 1

Unilateral reduced BCVA
Lesion in eye / visual pathway - stops normal development
Not correctable with specs
Bilateral = rare

Question 2

Types of amblyopia

Answer 2

Anisometropic
Strabismic
Form deprivation

Isometropic
Functional

Question 3

Anisometropic amblyopia

Answer 3

> 1D hyperopia
2D myopia
Greater anisometropia = greater amblyopia risk/severity

Question 4

Isometropic amblyopia

Answer 4

Rx similar
Va reduction bilateral
Less common/severe
Rare for isometropic myopes - eyes work together to focus on near object

Myope 6-8D
Hyperopia 4-5d
Astigmatism 2-2.5d

Question 5

Strabismic amblyopia

Answer 5

More common with Sot (unilateral/constant) - poor prognosis for normal BV

Question 6

Amblyopic VAs

Answer 6

Avg 6/24 (6/6-6/60+)

If intermittent strab 6/19

Question 7

Eccentric fixation

Answer 7

Commonly assoc with strab amblyopia
More with constant sot
Also assoc with microtropia

Question 8

Form deprivation amblyopia

Answer 8

Structural defects
Congenital cataracts/ptosis
Prevents foveal stimuli

Question 9

Functional amblyopia

Answer 9

Emotional factors
Conversion syndrome - stress converted to physical Sx
Psychiatric disorder/family/school/work issues/mild head trauma/idiopathic

Question 10

Other risk factors for amblyopia

Answer 10

Prem
Low birth weight 
FH amblyopia
Nutritional amblyopia 
Idiopathic

Question 11

Unilateral amblyopia

Answer 11

At least 0.2 log mar diff

Question 12

Bilateral amblyopia

Answer 12

At least 0.2logmar reduction from avg age norm

Question 13

How is AoA affected in amblyopia

Answer 13

Anisometropic amblyopic - asymmetrical AoA - affects va

Lead @dist/ lag@near = poorer prognosis ?