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NOR II > Amblyopia Treatment > Flashcards

Amblyopia Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

Which eye is usually patched?

A

Direct: the dominant, NAE eye –> allows stimulation of AE and reduces competition/inhibition from NAE.

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2
Q

In _____ patching, the AE is patched, and the dominant eye is used to establish steady EF when direct occlusion is unsuccessful

A

indirect

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3
Q

What can you use for total occlusion

A
  1. adhesive bandage/tape
  2. pirate patch
  3. clip on occluder for glasses
  4. translucent tape
  5. frosted lens
  6. opaque contact lens
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4
Q

what can you use for partial occlusion aka penalization

A
  1. occlusion foils
  2. over plus optical correction (spectacle or CL)
  3. atropine penalization
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5
Q

what eye do you partially occlude?

A

the NAE

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6
Q

what is the wearing time for occlusion?

A
  1. constant occlusion: during all waking hours
  2. part time occlusion: between 2-8 hours/day
  3. only during specific vision therapy procedures
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7
Q

Why is partial occlusion more beneficial than constant occlusion?

A

You still have binocularity; you improve depth perception and VA.

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8
Q

what do you need to consider for occlusion?

A
  1. cosmesis
  2. age
  3. acuity and performance needs: can the pt perform daily activities w/o interfering with cognitive dev, academic performance and risk of bodily harm.
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9
Q

what is the behavioral approach of occluding

A

2-4 hours per day or only during home VT procedures.

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10
Q

what is the occlusion time frame for seeing results?

A

6-8 weeks

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11
Q

what are the 3 things to consider for occlusion therapy

A
  1. starting VA: start with optical correction first
  2. Patient’s age
  3. Patient’s goals
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12
Q

What is considered moderate amblyopia? How long are you supposed to patch?

A

20/40-20/80 –> you usually see improvement in 3/more lines. You see first improvement in 5 weeks

2 hours

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13
Q

What is considered severe amblyopia? How long are you supposed to patch?

A

20/100 -20/400 BCVA

6 hours; can split it into 3 and 3

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14
Q

T/F when you patch and have optical correction you see much better improvement

A

true

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15
Q

T/F When employing occlusion therapy for amblyopia, as VA improves, stereopsis generally also improves

A

True

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16
Q

How much are you supposed to penalize the good eye?

A

Two lines worse than their amblyopic eye

17
Q

What type of occlusion are you supposed to use for eye and hand coordination

A

pirate patch

18
Q

T/F patching provided better results than occlusion foils

19
Q

T/F patching + perceptual learning (doing other activities) makes a bigger difference

A

true; with some people, performance of task actually gets better.

20
Q

T/F Video game play induces plasticity in the visual system of adults with amblyopia

21
Q

what is the plateau time for playing video games?

22
Q

What is the purpose/goal for active amblyopia therapy

A
  1. improve visual performance deficits
  2. reduce symptoms
  3. decrease total treatment time
  4. enhance effects of occlusion
23
Q

what are primary deficits in amblyopia

A
  1. deficient eye movement/fixation skills
    - unsteady and eccentric fixation
    - increased saccadic latency
    - decreased pursuit accuracy
  2. poor form discrimination due to decreased CS
  3. deficient accommodation skills
    - decreased amplitude, accuracy and sustaining ability
    - increased latency
  4. spatial distortion/uncertainty
    - increased contour interaction
    - reduced visual info processing speed and ability
24
Q

What does monocular in a BF technique do?

A
  1. eliminates any suppression present when binocularly viewing; to reduce NAE’s inhibition of the AE.
    * have to put red filter over NAE, and no filter over AE and write/draw in red ink. if AE is suppressing, the red ink marks disappear.
25
Q

What activities should you do for oculomotor control (pursuits and saccades)

A
  1. monocular prism jumps
  2. direct afterimages
  3. line counting
  4. hart-chart saccades
  5. pegboard/rotator
  6. Tracking books
  7. saccadic strips
    * start with good eye first
26
Q

Which activities should you be doing for accommodation?

A
  1. bullseye
  2. spatial discrimination: lens sorting
  3. minus lens
  4. near far rock
  5. lens flipper facility and power
  6. split spirangle rock
  7. wach’s mental minus
27
Q

what are some activities for eye hand coordination

A
  1. color/cutting/drawing/tracing
  2. stringing beads
  3. computer and video games
  4. pegboard activities
  5. sewing
28
Q

what are some activities form recognition/discrimination

A
  1. tracking books
  2. word/letter searches
  3. wash’s block activities

NOR II (7 decks)

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