Amblyopia

Question 1

Unilateral or less commonly, bilateral reduction of best corrected visual acuity that can not be attributed directly to the effect of any structural abnormality of the eye or the posterior visual pathway. Defect of central
vision.

Answer 1

Amblyopia

Question 2

Give 3 causes to amblyopia

Answer 2

1. Strabismus
2. Anisometropia or isoametropia (high bilateral refractive error)
3. Stimulus deprivation

Question 3

TRUE or FALSE.

Amblyopia is commonly BILATERAL

Answer 3

FALSE.

Unilateral

Question 4

is primarily a defect of central vision

Answer 4

Amblyopia

Question 5

TRUE or FALSE.
The time necessary for amblyopia to occur during the critical period is SHORTER for stimulus deprivation than for strabismus or anisometropia.

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE.

Prevalence of Amblyopia: 2%-4% in the NORTH American population

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

The most common form of amblyopia

Answer 7

Strabismic Amblyopia

Question 8

is thought to result from competitive or inhibitory interaction between neurons carrying the nonfusible inputs from the two eyes

Answer 8

Strabismic Amblyopia

Question 9

It develops when unequal refractive error in the two

eyes causes the image on the one retina to be chronically defocused.

Answer 9

Anisometropic Amblyopia

Question 10

This condition is thought to result:

• Partly from the direct effect of image blur in the development of visual acuity.
• Partly from intraocular competition or inhibition

Answer 10

Anisometropic Amblyopia

Question 11

TRUE or FALSE.

The eyes of a child with STRABISMIC amblyopia look normal to the family and primary care physician.

Answer 11

FALSE.

ANISOMETROPIC

Question 12

results from large, approximately equal, uncorrected refractive error in both eyes of a young child

Answer 12

Isometropic Amblyopia

Question 13

Uncorrected bilateral astigmatism in early childhood may result in loss of resolving ability limited to chronically blurred meridians.

Answer 13

Meridional amblyopia

Question 14

It is usually caused by congenital or early acquired media opacity.

Answer 14

Stimulus Deprivation Amblyopia

Question 15

This form of amblyopia is the least common but most damaging and difficult to treat.

Answer 15

Stimulus Deprivation Amblyopia

Question 16

is a form of deprivation caused by excessive therapeutic patching

Answer 16

Occlusion amblyopia

Question 17

a test for estimating the relative level of vision in the two eyes for children with strabismus who are under the age of about 3

Answer 17

Binocular fixation pattern

Question 18

quite sensitive for detecting amblyopia but results can be falsely positive.

Answer 18

Binocular fixation pattern

Question 19

allow the examiner to test the crowding phenomenon with isolated optotype. Bar surrounding the optotype
mimic the full optotype to the amblyopic child.

Answer 19

Crowding bar or contour interaction bars

Question 20

Steps to treat amblyopia

Answer 20

1. Eliminating (if possible) any obstacle to vision such as a cataract
2. Correcting refractive error
3. Forcing the use of the poorer eye by limiting the use of the better eye.

Question 21

Defined as occlusion for all or all but one waking

hour.

Answer 21

Full time occlusion of the sound eye

Question 22

It is the most powerful means of treating of amblyopia by enforced use of the defective eye.

Answer 22

Full time occlusion of the sound eye

Question 23

used as an alternative to full-time patching if skin irritation or poor adhesion proves to be a significant problem

Answer 23

Spectacle-mounted occluder or special opaque contact lenses

Question 24

Defined as occlusion for 1-6 hours per day.

Answer 24

Part-time occlusion

Question 25

A cycloplegic agent (usually atropine 1% or homatropine 5% )🡺 once daily to the better eye

Answer 25

Penalization

Question 26

This form of treatment has recently been demonstrated to be as effective as patching for mild to moderate amblyopia.

Answer 26

Penalization

Question 27

carries the greatest risk of this complication and requires close monitoring, especially in the younger child.

Answer 27

Full time occlusion