Amber Book Masonry Flashcards
What is the min and max width of a cavity?
not less than 2” and not more than 4.5” wide
What are two advantages of cavity walls?
- enhances thermal insulation.
2. air space acts as a barrier against water penetration
What is the minimum mortar cover between ties/joint reinforcement/any exposed face?
5/8” minimum
What do pilasters do?
stiffen masonry walls against lateral forces and buckling and provide support for large concentrated loads
What is a skewback?
stone or masonry having a sloping face against which the end of a segmental arch rests
What is a voussoir?
wedge shaped units in a masonry arch, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers
What types of joints are appropriate for exterior application?
tooled and troweled but not raked.
What is low lift grouting?
you only pour 4 feet at a time between wythes because there is a lot of pressure
What is high lift grouting?
pour on tall formwork (columns)
What are paving and fire bricks?
paving has superior freeze thaw resistance and lower water resistance rates
fire brick has super high fire resistance with special fire clay mortar and thinner joints
What are the 3 structural grades of brick?
SW - severe weathering, underground SNOW BRICK
MW - moderate weather resist, can be exterior - MIAMI BRICK
NW - negligible weathering - interior NTERIOR
What are the corners called in a brick wall?
leads
What material do you not use for lintels?
wood
What is corbeling?
brick overhanging
What is the max overhang of a brick?
1/2 its height
What is a temporary structure erected to support an arch while being constructed?
centering
What is a pilaster?
a column embedded in a wall for strength
What is a quion?
cut stone at the corner of a building for wall protection
What type of stone is most porous?
limestone
What type of stone is okay to use below grade exposed to earth?
granite
What types of stones are sedimentary rock?
limestone and quartz
What types of stones are most easily carved and polished?
marble
What type of stone is not for use in areas with polluted air?
limestone and marble
What type of stone has planes of cleavage?
slate
What type of stone is often in paving?
quartz
What applications are slate used for?
paving, roofs and wall facing
What are the different grades of marble?
grade A (most uniform) to D (most faults)
What is a stones ability to hold anchors?
modulus of rupture
Are stones with higher moisture absorption weaker?
yes
What stone is in river beds, strewn on fields?
field stone
What stone is irregular with one exposed face?
rubble
What stone is cut into rectangular shapes?
dimension stone
What stone is in large slabs?
cut stone
What stone is in small rectangular shapes?
ashlar
What stone is regular or irregular for paving?
flagstone
What is the difference between stone masonry and cladding?
masonry is stacked with mortar and structural while cladding is attached with anchors
What orientation is best for weather resistance?
horizontal
What are lewis pins?
pins embedded used for lifting stone
What is the order of thermal resistance for these concretes? order of load bearing strength? aerated, lightweight, regular
- aerated
- lightweight
- regular
What is the actual size of a CMU block?
7 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 15 5/8
Where do you place mortar?
only on the face
What is dry stacked masonry?
surface bonded masonry. bricks stacked without mortar and plastered on its face. level with metal/plastic ships
What angle should a sill be?
8 degrees
What are the applications of structural glazed facing tiles?
bathrooms and subways
What types of cement is used for mortar?
only type 1, 2 and 3
Which mortar offers higher strength and lower water permeability, masonry cement or portland cement?
portland cement
What is the difference in appearance for stiff mud process vs waterstruck process?
stiff mud is more homogeneous and uniform vs waterstruck is more expensive but more custom/antique
What percentage of solidness of brick is considered “solid”?
75% solid or greater is considered solid
What is the min and max between wythes?
3/8” minimum and 4” maximum cavity
