Amber Book Masonry

Question 1

What is the min and max width of a cavity?

Answer 1

not less than 2” and not more than 4.5” wide

Question 2

What are two advantages of cavity walls?

Answer 2

1. enhances thermal insulation.

2. air space acts as a barrier against water penetration

Question 3

What is the minimum mortar cover between ties/joint reinforcement/any exposed face?

Answer 3

5/8” minimum

Question 4

What do pilasters do?

Answer 4

stiffen masonry walls against lateral forces and buckling and provide support for large concentrated loads

Question 5

What is a skewback?

Answer 5

stone or masonry having a sloping face against which the end of a segmental arch rests

Question 6

What is a voussoir?

Answer 6

wedge shaped units in a masonry arch, having side cuts converging at one of the arch centers

Question 7

What types of joints are appropriate for exterior application?

Answer 7

tooled and troweled but not raked.

Question 8

What is low lift grouting?

Answer 8

you only pour 4 feet at a time between wythes because there is a lot of pressure

Question 9

What is high lift grouting?

Answer 9

pour on tall formwork (columns)

Question 10

What are paving and fire bricks?

Answer 10

paving has superior freeze thaw resistance and lower water resistance rates
fire brick has super high fire resistance with special fire clay mortar and thinner joints

Question 11

What are the 3 structural grades of brick?

Answer 11

SW - severe weathering, underground SNOW BRICK
MW - moderate weather resist, can be exterior - MIAMI BRICK
NW - negligible weathering - interior NTERIOR

Question 12

What are the corners called in a brick wall?

Answer 12

leads

Question 13

What material do you not use for lintels?

Answer 13

wood

Question 14

What is corbeling?

Answer 14

brick overhanging

Question 15

What is the max overhang of a brick?

Answer 15

1/2 its height

Question 16

What is a temporary structure erected to support an arch while being constructed?

Answer 16

centering

Question 17

What is a pilaster?

Answer 17

a column embedded in a wall for strength

Question 18

What is a quion?

Answer 18

cut stone at the corner of a building for wall protection

Question 19

What type of stone is most porous?

Answer 19

limestone

Question 20

What type of stone is okay to use below grade exposed to earth?

Answer 20

granite

Question 21

What types of stones are sedimentary rock?

Answer 21

limestone and quartz

Question 22

What types of stones are most easily carved and polished?

Answer 22

marble

Question 23

What type of stone is not for use in areas with polluted air?

Answer 23

limestone and marble

Question 24

What type of stone has planes of cleavage?

Answer 24

slate

Question 25

What type of stone is often in paving?

Answer 25

quartz

Question 26

What applications are slate used for?

Answer 26

paving, roofs and wall facing

Question 27

What are the different grades of marble?

Answer 27

grade A (most uniform) to D (most faults)

Question 28

What is a stones ability to hold anchors?

Answer 28

modulus of rupture

Question 29

Are stones with higher moisture absorption weaker?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

What stone is in river beds, strewn on fields?

Answer 30

field stone

Question 31

What stone is irregular with one exposed face?

Answer 31

rubble

Question 32

What stone is cut into rectangular shapes?

Answer 32

dimension stone

Question 33

What stone is in large slabs?

Answer 33

cut stone

Question 34

What stone is in small rectangular shapes?

Answer 34

ashlar

Question 35

What stone is regular or irregular for paving?

Answer 35

flagstone

Question 36

What is the difference between stone masonry and cladding?

Answer 36

masonry is stacked with mortar and structural while cladding is attached with anchors

Question 37

What orientation is best for weather resistance?

Answer 37

horizontal

Question 38

What are lewis pins?

Answer 38

pins embedded used for lifting stone

Question 39

What is the order of thermal resistance for these concretes? order of load bearing strength? aerated, lightweight, regular

Answer 39

1. aerated 2. lightweight 3. regular

Question 40

What is the actual size of a CMU block?

Answer 40

7 5/8 x 7 5/8 x 15 5/8

Question 41

Where do you place mortar?

Answer 41

only on the face

Question 42

What is dry stacked masonry?

Answer 42

surface bonded masonry. bricks stacked without mortar and plastered on its face. level with metal/plastic ships

Question 43

What angle should a sill be?

Answer 43

8 degrees

Question 44

What are the applications of structural glazed facing tiles?

Answer 44

bathrooms and subways

Question 45

What types of cement is used for mortar?

Answer 45

only type 1, 2 and 3

Question 46

Which mortar offers higher strength and lower water permeability, masonry cement or portland cement?

Answer 46

portland cement

Question 47

What is the difference in appearance for stiff mud process vs waterstruck process?

Answer 47

stiff mud is more homogeneous and uniform vs waterstruck is more expensive but more custom/antique

Question 48

What percentage of solidness of brick is considered "solid"?

Answer 48

75% solid or greater is considered solid

Question 49

What is the min and max between wythes?

Answer 49

3/8" minimum and 4" maximum cavity