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*Pharm III > Alzheimer's Dz > Flashcards

Alzheimer's Dz Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs can induce delirium

A 
benzos
anticholinergis
antihistamines
anticonvulsants
beta blockers
sympathomimetics
lithium
diuretics
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2
Q

sudden alterations in cognitive function

impaired attention span

A

Delirium

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3
Q

what underlying etiology can cause dementia

A

UTI
MI
pneumonia
pain

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4
Q

Neurodegenerative disease characterized by non-reversible, progressive cognitive deterioration, together with declining activities of daily living and by neuropsychiatric symptoms or behavioral changes

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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5
Q

what score on the MMSE is mild-moderate

A

10-26

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6
Q

what score on the MMSE is moderate to severe

A

3-14

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7
Q

what are 2 antioxidants that can help delay AD progression

A 
Vitamin E (every AD patient should be on this) 
Selegiline (works similarly to Vit E)
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8
Q

may be a potential treatment for AD, only recommended to be used in women who need it for HRT.

A

Estrogen

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9
Q

drugs to use for Mild AD

A

cholinesterase inhibitiors

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10
Q

drugs to use for moderate to severe AD

A

memantine +/- cholinesterase inhibitior

donepezil

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11
Q

ADR w/ tacrine causing it to no longer be used?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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12
Q

cholinesterase inhibitiors examples

A

donepezil
galantamine
rivastigmine

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13
Q

DOC for cholinesterase inhibitiors It is selective for ACHE and a reversible inhibitor

A

donepezil

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14
Q

how is donepezil partially eliminated

A

kidneys

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15
Q

Pseudo-irreversible non-competitive inhibitior of AchE. Not metabolized via P450. Also available in a patch or syrup

A

Rivastigmine

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16
Q

AchE that also stimulates nicotoinic receptor sites. Metabolized via P450. Avoid in patient w/ kidney or liver impairment

A

Galantamine

17
Q

cholinergic stimulation ADRs

A 
N/V
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Dizziness
Dyspepsia
Agitation
18
Q

conditions to use caution w/ for cholinesterase inhibitiors

A

bradycardia
ulcers (increased gastric acid secretion)
COPD / asthma- bronchoconstriction

19
Q

during anesthesia if on a cholinesterase inhibitors what can occur?

A

exaggerated succinylcholine neuromuscular blockade

20
Q

what is the main NMDA receptor agonist

A

Memantine

21
Q

indication for memantine

A

moderate to severe AD (MMSE 3-14)

22
Q

is there any evidence of prevention or slowed neurodegeneration in AD w/ Memantine?

A

No

23
Q

when must you adjust the does w/ Memantine?

A

renal impariment

24
Q

cautions to use w/ Memantine

A

drugs that are also NMDA antagonists (amantadine, ketamine, edextromethorphan)

25
Q

expected ADRs w/ memantine

A 
agitation
insomnia
diarrhea
urinary
incontinence
UTI
26
Q

what is BPSD?

A

Behavior and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia

27
Q

How to tx BPSD

A

nonpharm, but may include antipsychotic and/or antidepressants

*Pharm III (8 decks)

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