Alzheimer’s disease and other types of Dementia

Question 1

Name the main parts of the brain

Answer 1

1. Cerebrum.
   * right and left hemispheres
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain Stem

Question 2

List different brain lobes

Answer 2

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
thalamus
basal ganglia
parietal lobe
occipital lobes
cerebellum
brainstem

Question 3

function of the frontal lobe

Answer 3

speech, movement, social skills, judgement

Question 4

function of the temporal lobe

Answer 4

memory, hearing, art/music, understand language

Question 5

function of the thalamus

Answer 5

spatial attention, depth perception, consciousness, sleep

Question 6

function of parietal lobe

Answer 6

depth perception, writing/reading, calculation

Question 7

function of occipital lobe

Answer 7

sight, processing visual information

Question 8

function of cerebellum

Answer 8

balance, attention, coordinate movement

Question 9

function of brainstem

Answer 9

breathing, heart rate, blood flow throughout the body

Question 10

dementia risk factors that cannot be controlled

Answer 10

Age
Sex
Genetics

Question 11

Dementia controllable risk factors

Answer 11

o Hypertension
o Smoking
o Diabetes
o Lack of physical activity
o Obesity
o Poor diet
o Alcohol consumption

Question 12

irreversible forms of Dementia

Answer 12

alzhemimers
vascular dementia
Lewy body dementia
frontotemporal degeneration
huntingtons disease

Question 13

What is alzheimers disease

Answer 13

-Most common form of dementia (60-80%)
-Progressive degenerative disease of the brain which causes thinking and memory to become seriously impaired

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Answer 14

1. Memory loss affecting day-to-day abilities
2. Difficulty performing familiar tasks
3. Difficulties with language
4. Disorientation in time and space
5. Impaired judgement

Question 15

what is Vascular Dementia

Answer 15

2nd leading cause of dementia – 10-20%
 White matter changes in the brain
 Caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic
cerebrovascular lesions often from a
series of small strokes (clots or bleeds)

Question 16

symptoms of vascular dementia

Answer 16

• Changes in the ability to make decisions, plan or organize
• Difficulties with movement, such as slow gait and poor balance

Question 17

Risk Factors of vascular dementia

Answer 17

─ Hypertension
─ Atrial fibrillation
─ High cholesterol
─ Smoking
─ Diabetes

Question 18

what is frontemporal dementia

Answer 18

• 10% of all Dementia Cases
• Dementias that primarily affect the frontal and
  temporal lobes of the brain
• Usually appears in 5th -6th decade of life
  Primary Dementias 22

Question 19

behavioural changes with Frontotemporal Dementia

Answer 19

• Withdrawn or disinhibited behavior (e.g., inability to restrain actions).
• Loss of interest in personal hygiene.
• Easily distracted or repetitive behavior.
• Overeating or putting foreign objects in the mouth.
• Incontinence or urgency to use the toilet

Question 20

what is Lewy body dementia

Answer 20

• Accounts for 5-10% of all Dementia Cases
• Caused by abnormal deposits of the protein alpha-synuclein in brain cells, called Lewy bodies
  Brain Areas Affected:
  oThinking and cognitive processes
  oMovement and motor control

Question 21

Lewy body dementia symptoms

Answer 21

Symptoms are similar to both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease

• Problems with attention and executive function, but memory impairment may not be as obvious in early stages
• Rigidity (stiffness of muscles)
• Tremors (shaking)
• Stooped posture

Question 22

what are the mixed dementia

Answer 22

1. Alzheimer’s disease + Vascular dementia
2. Lewy Body + Alzheimer’s disease
3. Lewy Body + Parkinson’s disease

Question 23

Protective Factors in Reducing risk of
Dementia

Answer 23

o Keeping your brain active
o Protect your hearing
o Manage Hypertension
o Do not smoke
o Maintain a healthy BMI
o Treat your depression
o Be physically active