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Neuro AES 21 > Alzheimer > Flashcards

Alzheimer Flashcards

1
Q

What is Alzheimer’s disease?

A

A progressive neurological disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive decline.

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2
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease is a normal part of aging.

A

False.

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3
Q

What protein is commonly associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology?

A

Beta-amyloid.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by the formation of __________ tangles.

A

neurofibrillary.

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5
Q

What are the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Memory loss, difficulty concentrating, and confusion.

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6
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease? A) Age B) Family history C) High blood pressure D) Regular exercise

A

D) Regular exercise.

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7
Q

What is the primary method used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Clinical assessment and cognitive testing.

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8
Q

True or False: There is currently a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.

A

False.

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9
Q

What role does inflammation play in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Inflammation may contribute to neuronal damage and disease progression.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Alzheimer’s disease affects __________ million people worldwide.

A

over 50.

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11
Q

What is the most common form of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s disease.

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12
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common treatment for Alzheimer’s? A) Antidepressants B) Cholinesterase inhibitors C) Antibiotics D) Antipsychotics

A

B) Cholinesterase inhibitors.

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13
Q

What cognitive function is primarily affected in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Memory.

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14
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease only affects older adults.

A

False.

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15
Q

What lifestyle factors may reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and social engagement.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ hypothesis suggests that the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques is a key factor in Alzheimer’s disease.

A

amyloid.

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17
Q

What is the difference between Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s is primarily caused by neurodegeneration, while vascular dementia is caused by reduced blood flow to the brain.

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18
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Alzheimer’s disease? A) Difficulty with language B) Hallucinations C) Loss of appetite D) Impaired judgment

A

C) Loss of appetite.

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19
Q

What is the role of tau proteins in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Tau proteins stabilize microtubules, but they become hyperphosphorylated and form tangles in Alzheimer’s.

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20
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease can be diagnosed with a single test.

A

False.

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21
Q

What is the average duration of Alzheimer’s disease from diagnosis to death?

A

Approximately 4 to 8 years.

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a __________ disease.

A

neurodegenerative.

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23
Q

What is the primary neurotransmitter affected in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Acetylcholine.

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24
Q

Multiple Choice: Which age group is most at risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease? A) 20-30 B) 30-40 C) 60-70 D) 80+

A

D) 80+.

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25
Q

What is the main goal of Alzheimer’s treatment?

A

To manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

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26
Q

True or False: Genetic factors play a role in the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

A

True.

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ gene is associated with an increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease.

A

APOE ε4.

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28
Q

What type of imaging can be used to observe brain changes in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

MRI or PET scans.

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29
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common behavioral symptom of Alzheimer’s? A) Agitation B) Increased energy C) Enhanced memory D) Improved focus

A

A) Agitation.

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30
Q

What is the significance of early diagnosis in Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Early diagnosis allows for better management of symptoms and planning for the future.

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31
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease affects both men and women equally.

A

False.

32
Q

What is the role of caregiver support in managing Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Caregiver support is crucial for the well-being of both the caregiver and the patient.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common non-drug intervention for Alzheimer’s disease.

A

Cognitive stimulation.

34
Q

What is the expected prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease in the population by 2050?

A

Estimated to reach 14 million in the U.S. alone.

35
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a type of Alzheimer’s disease? A) Early-onset B) Late-onset C) Familial D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above.

36
Q

What are common challenges faced by caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients?

A

Emotional stress, physical strain, and financial burden.

37
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease can be prevented completely.

A

False.

38
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus in relation to Alzheimer’s disease?

A

The hippocampus is critical for memory formation and is often affected in Alzheimer’s.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by a gradual __________ in cognitive function.

A

decline.

40
Q

What is the importance of routine for individuals with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Routine can provide structure and reduce confusion.

41
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential side effect of Alzheimer’s medications? A) Weight gain B) Nausea C) Increased memory D) Improved focus

A

B) Nausea.

42
Q

What is the main type of memory affected in early Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Short-term memory.

43
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease affects physical abilities before cognitive abilities.

A

False.

44
Q

What is the purpose of clinical trials in Alzheimer’s research?

A

To test new treatments and understand the disease better.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ therapy is often used to help Alzheimer’s patients with communication.

A

Speech.

46
Q

What is one common misconception about Alzheimer’s disease?

A

That it only affects memory.

47
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease? A) Diabetes B) Low cholesterol C) High IQ D) Regular sleep

A

A) Diabetes.

48
Q

What is the role of antioxidants in Alzheimer’s disease prevention?

A

Antioxidants may help reduce oxidative stress in the brain.

49
Q

True or False: Most people with Alzheimer’s disease are diagnosed in the early stages.

A

False.

50
Q

What type of support group can benefit caregivers of Alzheimer’s patients?

A

Alzheimer’s caregiver support groups.

51
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ exercises can help maintain cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients.

A

Mental.

52
Q

What is the significance of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in Alzheimer’s diagnosis?

A

It is a widely used tool to assess cognitive function.

53
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a common treatment for Alzheimer’s disease? A) Memantine B) Donepezil C) Chemotherapy D) Rivastigmine

A

C) Chemotherapy.

54
Q

What is the impact of Alzheimer’s disease on daily living activities?

A

It can significantly impair the ability to perform daily tasks.

55
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease progresses at the same rate for everyone.

A

False.

56
Q

What is the role of social engagement in the management of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Social engagement can help improve mood and cognitive function.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ changes in personality are common in Alzheimer’s patients.

A

Behavioral.

58
Q

What is one common legal consideration for families of Alzheimer’s patients?

A

Establishing power of attorney.

59
Q

Multiple Choice: Which stage of Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by severe memory loss? A) Mild B) Moderate C) Severe D) All stages

A

C) Severe.

60
Q

What is the primary focus of Alzheimer’s research today?

A

Understanding the underlying mechanisms and finding effective treatments.

61
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease affects only the elderly.

A

False.

62
Q

What is one way to support cognitive health as a person ages?

A

Engaging in lifelong learning and challenging the brain.

63
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a key factor in managing Alzheimer’s disease effectively.

A

Early intervention.

64
Q

What is a common emotional response for families of Alzheimer’s patients?

A

Grief and frustration.

65
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common early sign of Alzheimer’s? A) Sudden confusion B) Forgetting names C) Increased energy D) Improved reasoning

A

B) Forgetting names.

66
Q

What is the importance of advanced care planning for individuals with Alzheimer’s?

A

It ensures that the patient’s wishes are respected as the disease progresses.

67
Q

True or False: Alzheimer’s disease can be detected with a blood test.

A

False.

68
Q

What is one benefit of participating in clinical trials for Alzheimer’s patients?

A

Access to new and potentially effective treatments.

69
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ activities can help stimulate cognitive function in Alzheimer’s patients.

A

Creative.

70
Q

What is the significance of the Alzheimer’s Association?

A

It provides resources, support, and advocacy for those affected by Alzheimer’s.

71
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common intervention for managing behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer’s? A) Distraction techniques B) Medication C) Restraints D) Isolation

A

A) Distraction techniques.

72
Q

What is the role of music therapy in Alzheimer’s care?

A

Music therapy can enhance mood and improve cognitive function.

73
Q

True or False: Changes in sleep patterns are common in Alzheimer’s patients.

A

True.

74
Q

What is one of the main challenges in Alzheimer’s research?

A

Understanding the complex biology of the disease.

75
Q

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common method used to assess the severity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s patients.

A

Neuropsychological testing.

76
Q

What is the role of nutrition in managing Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Proper nutrition can support overall brain health and function.

77
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a potential benefit of physical activity for Alzheimer’s patients? A) Improved balance B) Increased confusion C) Weight loss D) Memory loss

A

A) Improved balance.

Neuro AES 21 (3 decks)

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