Alzheim-Parkin-ALS-MS-msic

Question 1

General Characteristics of degenerative diseases

Answer 1

1) affect specific parts of functions of nervous system

2) begin insideously and are progressive

Question 2

Dementia- definition

Answer 2

Degeneration of intellectual or cognitive function with no impairment of consciousness or perception

Question 3

Dementia- Characeristics

Answer 3

Progressive
Disrupts daily life
Involves more than one area of intellectual function

Question 4

Alzheimers Disease- Characteristics

Answer 4

Most common form of dementia (50%)
Gradual onset
Personality changes

Question 5

AD- Epidemiology

Answer 5

4 million people

Over 65

Question 6

AD pathology

Answer 6

Neurodegeneration in multiple parts of the brain
Amaloyd plaques
neurofibrillary tangles
neuronal loss

Question 7

Early onset AD

Answer 7

Rare- (5%)

Genetic

Question 8

APOE gene

Answer 8

protein for carrying cholesterol in blood stream

2, 3, 4 most common alleles

Question 9

APOE e4

Answer 9

Risk factor gene

40% of AD have it

Question 10

Early Stage presentation of AD

Answer 10

Gradual development of forgetfulness

Question 11

Middle Stage presentations of AD

Answer 11

More pronounced memory loss and deductive reasoning loss

Patients don’t realize they are lacking this

Question 12

Late Stage presentations of AD

Answer 12

become completely unresponsive

Question 13

AD- prognosis

Answer 13

5-10 years after memory loss is detected

Question 14

AD- Diagnosis

Answer 14

History and Physical
Neuropsychological testing
MRI/CT

Question 15

AD- TX 1

Answer 15

Cholinesterase Inhibitors- work a little
Anticholinesterase Inhibitors work better though?
Because healthy brains don’t have as much acetylcholine

Question 16

AD- TX 2

Answer 16

Mematine- blocks toxic levels of glutemate

Question 17

Dysnomia

Answer 17

Impairment of fluidity of speech

Question 18

AD- pathology

Answer 18

Loss of nerve cells in brain

Brain is lighter

Question 19

Parkinsons Disease- definition

Answer 19

A progressive neurological disorder that results from degeneration of neurons in a region of the brain that controls movement. This creates a deficit amount of dopamine

Question 20

Brandikinesia

Answer 20

Slow movement

Lack of spontaneous movements

Question 21

PD- signs

Answer 21

Brandikinesia
Stooped posture
Rigidity
Gait disturbance

Question 22

PD- pathophysiology

Answer 22

nerve cells called Substantia Nigra deteriorate. They are in charge of skeletal movement
They release dopamine

Question 23

MAO-B

Answer 23

breaks down dopamine (even when it’s not being produced)

Question 24

PD- causes

Answer 24

• Most unknown
• Genetic factiors
• medicines: psychotic, anti-nausea, anti epileptic
• toxins: MPTP, pesticides

Question 25

Akinsea

Answer 25

Absence or reduction of normal body movement

Question 26

Pd- Diagnosis

Answer 26

• no known test

- usually physical and mental history

Question 27

PD- Histeopathy

Answer 27

presence of Lewy bodies (microscopic brain structures)

Question 28

PD- Tx medication

Answer 28

Give things that act like dopamine

Question 29

Levodopa

Answer 29

mimics dopamine
Wears off after a few years
Causes other issues

Question 30

Bromocriptine

Answer 30

Dopamine agonist

- less powerful but more steady than levodopa

Question 31

Selegiline

Answer 31

MAO-B inhibitor