Alveolar Bone

Question 1

What’s alveolar bone ?

Answer 1

Alveolar process
It is that portion of the maxilla and mandible that forms and supports the tooth socket (alveoli).

It is formed when the tooth erupts, gradually disappears after the tooth is lost

Question 2

Which structures made up the alveolar bone ?

Answer 2

1. External cortical plate
2. Internal cortical plate ( compact lamelar bone )
3. Spongy bone ( cancellous )

Question 3

What’s alveolar bone prober ?

Answer 3

Inner cortical plate.
It’s the essential part of the bony socket (alveolar process) and its thin layer immediately surround the root where PDL attach ( Lamina dura in X-ray ) .
It’s perforated cribiform plate where nurovascular vessels and nerves pass. Between PDL and bone marrow.

Question 4

What’s the alveolar bone proper parts?

Answer 4

1. Compact lamellar bone
2. Layer of bundle bone ( layer where PDL insert ).
   Help in attachment apparatus.

Question 5

What’s supporting alveolar bone ?

Answer 5

It’s outer cortical plate and spongy bone.
1. Cortical plate ( compact lamellar bone ) forms outer and inner plates of alveolar process ( thick in man than max ).

2. Spongy ( cancellated ) between cortical plates of bone.

Question 6

Where dose spongy bone is absent ?

Answer 6

Anterior region of mouth ( cortical plate fused to cribiform plate ).

Radicular buccal bone of maxillary posterior teeth.

Question 7

Where does cortical plates meet ?

Answer 7

The cortical plate meet the bone lining the socket at the alveolar crest, usually 2 mm below the CEJ.

Question 8

What’s the cancellous bone ?

Answer 8

Cancellous bone: consists of narrow irregular bony trabeculae, which, by branching and uniting forms a network of spaces between the trabeculae.

Question 9

In which jaw regions cancellous bone predominate ?

Answer 9

in molars

Question 10

The bone lining the socket is compact bone and can be known as?

Answer 10

1. Bundle bone, since bundles of Sharpey’s fibers from the periodontal ligament are embedded in it.
2. The cribriform plate, because it is perforated by numerous vascular channels.
3. Alveolar bone proper, as it provides direct bony support for the teeth.
4. Lamina dura, which is radiographically seen as a dense plate

Question 11

In radiograph they classify of trabecular patterns of the alveolar process into two main types what are they ?

Answer 11

Type 1 and 2

Question 12

What’s is type 1 ?

Answer 12

the interdental and inter-radicular trabeculae
are regular, horizontal and are arranged in a ladder-like
pattern. (Common in mandible)

Question 13

What’s type 2?

Answer 13

irregularly arranged numerous interdental and
inter-radicular trabeculae are seen most commonly in
maxilla.

Question 14

What’s the tissues lining the internal bone cavities??

Answer 14

endosteum

single layer of osteoprogenitor cells and a small amount of
connective tissue

Question 15

Outer surface of bone ?

Answer 15

Periosteum
1. inner layer, -osteoblasts +osteoprogenitor cells.

2. outer layer which is more fibrous containing blood vessels and nerves, collagen fibers and fibroblasts

Question 16

What’s alveolar bone cells ?

Answer 16

osteoblasts ( synthesizes bone matrix ) , osteoclasts (monocytes )
osteocytes , osteogenic cells

Question 17

What’s extracellar matrix of bone ?

Answer 17

of 65 % of inorganic and 35 % of organic matter.
.

Question 18

What’s the inorganic components ?

Answer 18

calcium
phosphate along with hydroxyl
carbonate,
citrate
trace amounts of other ions, such as sodium, magnesium and fluorine.
The minerals are in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals.

Question 19

What’s the organic components ?

Answer 19

90% collagen 1 .
small amounts of non-collagenous proteins like proteoglycans, and glycoproteins.

Question 20

What’s the osteocytes ?

Answer 20

enclosed within a space called lacunae

extend processes into canaliculi that radiate from the lacunae

Question 21

What’s caniculi function ?

Answer 21

to bring oxygen and nutrients to the osteocytes through the blood and remove
metabolic waste products.

Question 22

Which colour changes bone marrow undergo ?

Answer 22

In the embryo and newborn, the cavities of all bones are occupied by red hematopoietic marrow.

The red marrow gradually undergoes a physiologic change to the fatty or yellow inactive type of marrow

Question 23

What’s alveolar bone functions ?

Answer 23

*Protection- forms and protects the socket of the tooth

*Attachment -Gives the attachment periodntal principle fibers (sharpey’s fibers )

*Supportive –supports the tooth roots on the facial and palatal sides

*Shock absorber – helps to absorb the forces of mastication by dissamination of it on the neighboring tissues