ALU 301 Chapter 7 Quiz Flashcards
All of the following statements regarding heart function are correct EXCEPT:
- The contraction of the muscle cells must occur at regular intervals and be synchronized
- Ventricular contractions must be forceful
- The heart valves must be competent, allowing two directional blood flow thru the heart
- The ventricles must fill adequately during diastole
The heart valves must be competent, allowing two directional blood flow through the heart
Electrical activation of myocardial cells due to the spread of an electrical impulse is called:
- contraction
- depolarization
- repolarization
- charging
Depolarization
The P wave represents:
- atrial depolarization
- ventricular repolarization
- ventricular depolarization
- time required for both depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles
atrial depolarization
All of the following factors affect heart rate EXCEPT:
- age
- gender
- fitness level
- illness
gender
The primary pacemaker of the heart is:
- Atrioventricular (AV) node
- bundle of HIS
- right bundle branch
- sinoatrial (SA) node
sinoatrial (SA) node
Which of the following statements regarding sinus arrhythmia is/are correct?
A - it is normal variant of sinus rhythm
B - there are changes in the heart rate that correspond with the phases of respiration
C - there is no mortality risk associated with it
C only is correct
A and B are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
A, B, and C are all correct
Which of the following is/are possible causes of atrial fibrillation?
A - pulmonary disease
B - cardiomyopathy
C - hypothyroidism
C only is correct
A and B are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
A and B are correct
Which of the following is included in a cardiac workup for atrial fibrillation?
A - stress imaging study
B - resting echocardiogram
C - complete blood count
A only is correct
A and B are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are all correct
A and B are correct
Which of the following can cause a complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB)?
A - left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)
B - atrial septal defect (ASD)
C - coronary artery disease
A and B are correct
A and C are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
B and C are correct
The T wave on the EKG represents:
- atrial depolarization
- atrial contraction
- ventricular repolarization
- ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization
Complications associated with atrial fibrillation include all of the following EXCEPT:
- embolic stroke
- ischemia
- mitral insufficiency
- congestive heart failure
mitral insufficiency
All of the following statements regarding myocardial ischemia are correct EXCEPT:
- it is a temporary reversible reduction in blood supply to the heart muscle
- it is represented by T wave changes on the EKG
- it is represented by significant Q wave on the EKG
- it is the earliest sign of reduced coronary blood flow
It is represented by significant Q wave on the EKG
The primary EKG indicator of a previous myocardial infarction is the appearance of:
- prolonged QRS duration
- significant T wave inversions
- third degree AV block
- significant Q waves
significant Q waves
The heart arrhythmia best described as an irregularly irregular rhythm is:
- Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome (WPW)
- atrial fibrillation
- sick sinus syndrome (SSS)
- unifocal PVC’s
atrial fibrillation
Which of the following is/are considered heart blocks?
A - sick sinus syndrome
B - sinoatrial (SA) block
C - prolonged QT syndrome
A only is correct
A and B are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are all correct
A and B are correct
Which of the following are significant causes of premature ventricular contractions (PVC’s)?
A - illicit drugs
B - stress
C - mitral valve prolapse
C only is correct
A and B are correct
A and C are correct
B and C are correct
A and C are correct
Which of the following are complications associated with atrial fibrillation?
A - congestive heart failure
B - hypoxia
C - embolic stroke
A only is correct
A and C are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
A and C are correct
When every third heartbeat is a premature ventricular contraction, it is called:
- triplet
- ventricular tachycardia
- trigeminy
- couplet
trigeminy
The type of heart block represented by a progressively lengthening of the PR interval is called:
- Wenckebach
- complete heart block
- Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome
- Mobitz Type II
Wenckebach
All of the following are atrial arrhythmias EXCEPT:
- premature junctional contractions
- premature atrial contractions
- atrial tachycardias
- premature ventricular contractions
premature junctional contractions
Which of the following are considered heart blocks?
A- Mobitz Type I
B - WPW
C - sinus arrest
A only is correct
C only is correct
A and B are correct
A and C are correct
A and C are correct
Which of the following statements regarding bundle branch blocks is/are correct?
A- the electrical impulse is impeded from the atria to the ventricles
B - dizziness is a common symptom
C - the QRS complex is abnormally wide
A only is correct
C only is correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
C only is correct
EKG abnormalities are categorized into all of the following areas EXCEPT:
- cardiac hypertrophy
- heart rhythm
- ejection fraction
- axis or position of the heart
ejection fraction
All of the following statements regarding electrophysiology procedures are correct EXCEPT:
- it is called HIS bundle
- it does not attempt to induce arrhythmias
- it measures the heart conduction system
- it is used to distinguish impulse formation disorders
it does not attempt to induce arrhythmias
All of the following statements regarding heart murmurs are correct EXCEPT:
- the intensity of the murmur is related to the severity of the valvular impairment
- high pitched sounds of short duration occurring in systole are often associated with mitral valve prolapse
- physicians capture accurate descriptions of a murmur via physical exam using a stethoscope
- a grade 2 murmur is described as soft but easily heard
physicians capture accurate descriptions of a murmur via physical exam using a stethoscope
Which of the following cardiac tests is the most sensitive for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease?
- EKG
- stress echo
- stress EKG
- CT angiogram
CT angiogram
All of the following are types of murmurs EXCEPT:
- systolic
- diastolic
- inorganic
- continuous
inorganic
The test that uses high frequency impulses to visualize the structure and function of the heart is:
- holter monitor
- EKG
- echocardiogram
- transesophageal echo (TEE)
echocardiogram
All of the following lab tests are used to identify an acute coronary syndrome EXCEPT:
- troponin I
- CPK-MM (also known as CPK-3)
- lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH)
- aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
CPK-MM (CPK-MM is found mostly in skeletal muscles.
CPK-BB and CPK-MB are used.
The diagnostic finding most related to coronary artery disease on a stress test is:
- ST segment depression
- presence of arrhythmias
- PR prolongation
- inverted P waves
ST segment depression
A transesophageal echo (TEE) can be used to evaluate which of the following conditions?
A - atrial septal defect (ASD)
B - sick sinus syndrome (SSS)
C - endocarditis
A only is correct
B only is correct
A and C are correct
B and C are correct
A and C are correct
The best indicator of the hearts left ventricular function is the:
- heart rate
- ejection fraction
- septal wall thickness
- left ventricular posterior wall thickness
ejection fraction
ST segment changes seen on a stress test are likely related to coronary artery disease EXCEPT:
- those persisting longer than one minute into the recovery phase
- those greater than 1.5mm at peak exercise
- those occurring in multiple leads
- those seen prior to exercise
those seen prior to exercise
Elevated lab tests that can indicate a recent myocardial infraction include which of the following?
A - creatinine phosphokinase (CPK)
B - aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
C - troponins
A only is correct
B only is correct
A and C only are correct
A, B, and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
Which of the following statements regarding troponins is/are correct?
A - they are normally found in trace quantities in the blood
B - they are the most sensitive and specific biomarkers for myocardial damage
C - they are elevated only when other biomarkers are elevated
B only is correct
C only is correct
A and B only are correct
B and C are correct
A and B are correct
All of the following are common reasons why a stress test is discontinued EXCEPT:
- the presence of abnormal blood pressure changes
- minimum performance is achieved
- symptoms of ischemia occur
- attaining the predetermined end point
minimum performance is achieved
A rational method to minimize the diagnostic uncertainty surrounding cardiac testing is called:
- Clark’s conditional probability
-doppler premise - Bayes Theorem
- cardiac testing
Bayes Theorem
Hypokinesis as it related to an echocardiogram is:
- increased heart wall motion
- absence of heart wall motion
- reduced heart wall motion
- normal heart wall motion
reduced heart wall motion
All of the following statements about positron emission testing (PET) are correct EXCEPT:
- it is an accurate method for identifying how much the heart has been damaged by infarction
- it is commonly used in clinical medicine
- it is an expensive test to perform
- there is limited access to these machines
it is commonly used in clinical medicine
Which of the following statements regarding the diagnostic advantages of a CT angiogram is/are correct?
A - it is a noninvasive study
B - it can detect small non obstructive atherosclerotic plaques
C - it is able to detect calcium particles on arterial walls
A only is correct
A and B are correct
B and C are correct
A, B, and C are correct
A and B are correct
All of the following statements regarding the NT-proBNP lab test are correct EXCEPT:
- it is synthesized predominately by the cardiac ventricles response to cardiac stress
- elevations can suggest valvular heart disease
- it is used in the monitoring of those with heart failure
- normal levels do not vary with age or gender
normal levels do not vary with age or gender
