Alternatives to medical model

Question 1

Give the assumptions of the behaviourist explanation in relation to mental illness

Answer 1

• all behaviour is learned, including abnormal behaviour
• learning occurs through classical conditioning, operant conditioning and vicarious learning
• behaviour that is learned can be unlearned

Question 2

Give the assumptions of the cognitive explanation in relation to mental illness

Answer 2

• mental processing, including processes of thinking and perception, influence normal and abnormal behaviour
• mental processing is active, not passive. mental illness is caused by faulty thinking which can be challenged and altered

Question 3

Define the term classical conditioning

Answer 3

when two stimulus become assosciated together

Question 4

Define the term operant conditioning

Answer 4

learning to associate behaviour with its consequence

Question 5

Define the term vicarious learning

Answer 5

learning through observation

Question 6

Define the term positive reinforcement

Answer 6

reward strengthened behaviour

Question 7

Define the term negative reinforcement

Answer 7

behaviour is strengthened because it stops something unpleasant from occurring

Question 8

Define the term punishment

Answer 8

an adverse consequence weakens behaviour making it less likely to re occur

Question 9

In the little albert study:

what was the stimulus used to cause fear?

Answer 9

loud noise

Question 10

In the little albert study:

what was the neutral stimulus that albert wasnt afraid of?

Answer 10

white rat

Question 11

In the little albert study:

what happened after the unconditional stimulus and neutral stimulus was presented together?

Answer 11

he was conditioned to fear the white rat as he has assosciated the rat with the loud noise

Question 12

what area of psychology can explain common phobias?

Answer 12

cognitive

Question 13

what does friths model propose?

Answer 13

sz’s cannot distinguish between actions driven by their own internal intensions and actions diven by internal forces

Question 14

define preconscious processing

Answer 14

information that is being processed by the brain but we are not presently completly aware of

Question 15

define conscious processing

Answer 15

information you are currently attending to and which you are fully aware. this involves attention, perception, thoughts and short term working memory