Alternatives to custodial sentencing

Question 1

davies and raymond

Answer 1

in a review found that the government tend to exaggerate the benefits of prison in a bid to appear tough on crime when in reality they do little to deter or rehabilitate offenders

Question 2

stanford prison experiment

Answer 2

Zimbardo looked at the psychological effects of prison

Question 3

behaviour modification in custody

Answer 3

behaviour modification programmes are designed with the aim of reinforcing obedient behaviours in criminals

Question 4

token economy

Answer 4

based on operant conditioning token economy involves reinforcing desirable behaviour with a token that can be exchanged for a reward

Question 5

Hobs and holt 1976

Answer 5

token economy system with young delinquants in 3 behavioural units they observed a significant difference in positive behaviour compared with non token group

Question 6

Cohen and fitzpatrick 1971

Answer 6

showed how a token economy group showed more desireable behaviour in prison but recidivism rates after 3 years returned
shows behaviour modification may delay recidivism but may not impact LT

Question 7

easy to implement (evaluation)

Answer 7

• no need for expertise or specialist people
• can be implemented by anyone in istitution
• cost effective and easy to manage once established

Question 8

Basset and Blanchard

Answer 8

found that any benefits were lost after staff applied techniques inconsistently due to lack of training

Question 9

Blackburn 1993 little rehabilitative value

Answer 9

suggested rehabilitative value and positive changes were lost when prisoners were released
TE are at their best when establishing prison conduct but progress is not likely to extend beyond the institution

Question 10

ethical issues with token economies

Answer 10

-can be viewed as manipulative and dehumanising

Question 11

passive token learning

Answer 11

prisoners are likely to play along in order to recieve rewards - this might explain quick relapse once they have been released

Question 12

individually tailored programmes are most effective field et al 2004

Answer 12

• examined token economy used with young people with behavioural difficulties
• generally effective
• later when placed on a programme where rewards were more frequent results were positive
• suggesting programmes should be matched so rewards and frequency of rewards should match

Question 13

conjual visits

Answer 13

sex with partner on visits is put in place to keep damily bond and increase the chances of prisoner having a successful return to normal life