ALS CPR Flashcards
What is the first step of CPR
Hazards
What do you look for when checking for hazards
ensure that the scene is safe
what is the second step of CPR
Hello
what are we looking for when checking for the second step of CPR
- Unresponsive
- Not breathing or only gasping
- Pulse
what is the third step of CPR
Help
what do you do in step 3 of CPR
- call for assistance
- AED/ defib
name the 3 steps of CPR
- hazards
- hello
- help
what do you do when your patient has a pulse and is breathing
- place in recovery position
- check for continued breathing
- reassess continuously
what do you do when the patient has
a pulse but no effective breathing
give rescue breaths
how many rescue breaths for an adult
every 6 seconds
how many rescue breaths for a child
every 5 seconds
how many rescue breaths for a infant
every 4 seconds
what do you do when your patient has no pulse or you not sure
start CPR
what do you do when the pulse rate <60 in children and infants
start CPR
what are the 2 components of CPR
- compressions
- breathing
characteristics of chest compressions
- compress the chest fast (almost 2 per second)
*push hard/ ensure full chest recoil
*minimize interruptions
what is the rate of chest compressions per minute
100- 120 per minute
characteristics’ of high quality CPR
- compression rate 100- 120 per minute
- avoid excess ventilation: 1 breath every 6 seconds if advanced airway
*rotate compressions every 2 minutes
consider capnography and arterial monitoring
rate of breaths
2 breaths at 1 breath/ second
adult ratio of compression to breaths
30:2
child/ infant ratio of compression: breaths
15:2
when do you stop performing the CPR
when the AED/ Defib arrives
what do you do when you re unable to perform breaths
do continuous compressions until equipment arrives
advanced considerations
- correct contributory causes
- obtain IV/IO access, take ABG/VBG
- give high levels of FiO2, and consider advanced airway if required
- continuous chest compressions after advanced airway in place
- consider adrenaline and antiarrhythmics
* Adrenaline 1mg every 3-5 min (0.01mg/ kg in paed)
*amiodarone 300mg followed by 150mg (5mg/kg in paed) or if not available
lignocaine 1mg/kg initial, followed by o.5mg/kg (max 3mg/kg)
list the contributory causes of cardiac arrest
- hypoxia
*hypovolemia
*hypothermia
*hydrogen ion (acidosis)
*hypo- /hyperkalemia
*hypoglycemia
*tension pneumothorax
*tamponade (cardia arrest)
*toxins
*trauma
*thrombosis (coronary)
*thrombosis (pulmonary)
what you analysis of the AED/ Defib machine
rhythm
why you analysis the rhythm on the AED/ Def machine
if it is a shockable condition
with which ones is shock advised
ventricular fibrillation
ventricular tachycardia
with which rhythms is shock no advised
PEA
asystole
what do you do if shock is advised
give 1 shock
monophasic
360J
biphasic
120-360J
Paediatric
4J/ KG
what do you do after shocking the patient
immediately resume CPR starting with compressions
continue for 2 minutes
what are the options if shock is not advised
- if signs of life present monitor and provide post ROSC care
- if absent- continue CPR
what are the additional considerations in a patient with cardia arrest
- VA ECMO might be considered in appropriate centers when available
- Ultrasound can be considered as a diagnostic and procedural tool where training and resources exist
give examples of hazards
blood (gloves/ apron)
respiratory illness e.g. TB mask
