ALS CPR Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step of CPR

A

Hazards

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2
Q

What do you look for when checking for hazards

A

ensure that the scene is safe

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3
Q

what is the second step of CPR

A

Hello

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4
Q

what are we looking for when checking for the second step of CPR

A
  • Unresponsive
  • Not breathing or only gasping
  • Pulse
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5
Q

what is the third step of CPR

A

Help

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6
Q

what do you do in step 3 of CPR

A
  • call for assistance
  • AED/ defib
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7
Q

name the 3 steps of CPR

A
  1. hazards
  2. hello
  3. help
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8
Q

what do you do when your patient has a pulse and is breathing

A
  • place in recovery position
  • check for continued breathing
  • reassess continuously
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9
Q

what do you do when the patient has
a pulse but no effective breathing

A

give rescue breaths

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10
Q

how many rescue breaths for an adult

A

every 6 seconds

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11
Q

how many rescue breaths for a child

A

every 5 seconds

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12
Q

how many rescue breaths for a infant

A

every 4 seconds

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13
Q

what do you do when your patient has no pulse or you not sure

A

start CPR

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14
Q

what do you do when the pulse rate <60 in children and infants

A

start CPR

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15
Q

what are the 2 components of CPR

A
  1. compressions
  2. breathing
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16
Q

characteristics of chest compressions

A
  • compress the chest fast (almost 2 per second)
    *push hard/ ensure full chest recoil
    *minimize interruptions
17
Q

what is the rate of chest compressions per minute

A

100- 120 per minute

18
Q

characteristics’ of high quality CPR

A
  • compression rate 100- 120 per minute
  • avoid excess ventilation: 1 breath every 6 seconds if advanced airway
    *rotate compressions every 2 minutes
    consider capnography and arterial monitoring
19
Q

rate of breaths

A

2 breaths at 1 breath/ second

20
Q

adult ratio of compression to breaths

21
Q

child/ infant ratio of compression: breaths

22
Q

when do you stop performing the CPR

A

when the AED/ Defib arrives

23
Q

what do you do when you re unable to perform breaths

A

do continuous compressions until equipment arrives

24
Q

advanced considerations

A
  1. correct contributory causes
  2. obtain IV/IO access, take ABG/VBG
  3. give high levels of FiO2, and consider advanced airway if required
  4. continuous chest compressions after advanced airway in place
  5. consider adrenaline and antiarrhythmics
    * Adrenaline 1mg every 3-5 min (0.01mg/ kg in paed)
    *amiodarone 300mg followed by 150mg (5mg/kg in paed) or if not available
    lignocaine 1mg/kg initial, followed by o.5mg/kg (max 3mg/kg)
25
list the contributory causes of cardiac arrest
* hypoxia *hypovolemia *hypothermia *hydrogen ion (acidosis) *hypo- /hyperkalemia *hypoglycemia *tension pneumothorax *tamponade (cardia arrest) *toxins *trauma *thrombosis (coronary) *thrombosis (pulmonary)
26
what you analysis of the AED/ Defib machine
rhythm
27
why you analysis the rhythm on the AED/ Def machine
if it is a shockable condition
28
with which ones is shock advised
ventricular fibrillation ventricular tachycardia
29
with which rhythms is shock no advised
PEA asystole
30
what do you do if shock is advised
give 1 shock
31
monophasic
360J
32
biphasic
120-360J
33
Paediatric
4J/ KG
34
what do you do after shocking the patient
immediately resume CPR starting with compressions continue for 2 minutes
35
what are the options if shock is not advised
* if signs of life present monitor and provide post ROSC care * if absent- continue CPR
36
what are the additional considerations in a patient with cardia arrest
1. VA ECMO might be considered in appropriate centers when available 2. Ultrasound can be considered as a diagnostic and procedural tool where training and resources exist
37
give examples of hazards
blood (gloves/ apron) respiratory illness e.g. TB mask
38