Alpha 2 agonists

Question 1

Use

Answer 1

sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation

Question 2

Routes of admin

Answer 2

IM, IV, SQ, PO, acupuncture site, intranasal, perineurally, epidural

Question 3

Onset of actions

Answer 3

IV - 2-5 min
IM - 10 min

Question 4

metabolism and excretion

Answer 4

Liver metabolism
Urinary excretion

Question 5

CVS effects

Answer 5

Vasoconstriction, bradycardia

Question 6

CNS effects

Answer 6

Sedation, bradycardia, hypotension

Question 7

Resp effects

Answer 7

SM relaxation within airway

Question 8

Pancreatic effects

Answer 8

can inhibit insulin secretion - hyperglycaemia

Question 9

Renal effects

Answer 9

Anti-ADH effect - increased urine output

Question 10

Uterine effects

Answer 10

Can stimulate myometrium - cause contractions - mores for cows

Question 11

GIT effects

Answer 11

Decreased motility, decreased gastric emptying time

Question 12

Analgesic?

Answer 12

YESS potent
used with acute pain, neuropathic pain, visceral and somatic pain

Question 13

Examples

Answer 13

Xylazine, detomidine, romfidine, medetomidine

Question 14

Xylazine: Route? Duration?

Answer 14

mainly given IV, short duration of action
not used much in smallies, will make cats vomit

Question 15

Medetomidine facts

Answer 15

Sedation is dose dependant (1-2mcg/kg IV lasts 40mins, 5mcg/kg IV 60 mins)
Vasoconstriction and bradycardia
vomiting in cats
analgesia - <10 mcg/kg, <1 hr of analgesia

Question 16

Alpha 2 ANTAgonists

Answer 16

Atipamezole - reversal of medetomidine
volume of medetimidine given to dog, 1/2 volume of medetomidine that was given to cat
Given IM, may be given IV in emergency
onset 5-10 mins IM
resection can occur
can cause vasodilation and tachycardia