Allport Flashcards
Behavior is determined by relatively stable traits which are the fundamental units of one’s personality
Trait Approach
Individuals are not considered to be prisoners of their childhood conflicts and past experiences, rather they are guided by the present and view in the future
Historical determinism
Personality is the ____ ____ within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine the characteristic _____ and ____
dynamic organization
behavior and thought
5 characteristics of traits
- Traits are real and exist within each of us.
- Traits determine or cause behavior.
- Traits can be demonstrated empirically.
- Traits are interrelated;they may overlap, even though they represent different characteristics.
- Traits vary with the situation.
The Latin word humor means
Body fluids
Gallen saw the direct connection between the _____ __ _____ in the body, _____ and _____ inclinations
Levels of humors, emotional and behavioral
Who proposed the three body types in which traits are dependent on these?
William Sheldon
Give the 5 qualities of ectomorph
Inhibited
Apprehensive
Intellectual
Introverted
Self-conscious
Give the 5 qualities of mesomorph
Energetic
Competitive
Aggressive
Bold
Athlete
Give the 3 qualities of endomorph
Sociable
Relax
Affectionate
Trait- A _____ _____, ______, and _____ internal characteristic that us inferred from a pattern of behaviors, attitudes, feeling, and habits in the individual.
Relatively stable, consistent, and enduring
Two types of traits
Personal disposition
Traits
Traits that are peculiar to an individual
Personal disposition
Types of individual traits or personal disposition
A. Cardinal traits
B. Central traits
C. Secondary traits
The most pervasive and powerful that dominates human behavior
Cardinal traits
Some 5-10 themes that best describe our behavior.
Central traits
The least important traits, which a person may display inconspicuously and inconsistently.
Secondary traits
Shared by a number of people, such as the members of a culture.
Traits
May combine to form a single unit.
Habits
Have a specific objects of reference and involve either positive or negative evaluations.
Attitudes
A general principle of motivation stating that during the performance
of purposeful, goal-oriented behavior, various derivative drives emerge as independent units from the original
drive that inspired the behavior.
Functional Autonomy
Two levels of functional autonomy
Perseverative functional autonomy
Propriate functional autonomy
The level of functional autonomy that relates to low-level and routine behaviors
Perseverative functional autonomy
The level of functional autonomy that relates to our values, self-image, and lifestyle.
Propriate functional autonomy
The word proprium means
Ego or self
Propriate functional autonomy is governed by three principles:
- Organising the energy level
- Mastery and competence
- Propriate patterning
Aspects of personality that are
distinctive and thus appropriate to our emotional life.
Proprium
Children realize that their identity remains intact despite the many changes that are taking place
Self-identity
Stages 1-3 emerge during the first three years. In this stage, infants become aware of their own existence and distinguish their own bodies from objects in the environment.
Bodies self
Children develop actual and idealized images of themselves and their behavior and become aware of satisfying or failing to satisfy parental expectations.
Self-image
Stages 4 and 5 emerge during the fourth through sixth year. In this stage, children come to recognize the objects and people that are part of their own world.
Extension of the self
Children learn to take pride in their accomplishments.
Self-esteem
Stage 7 develops during adolescence. Young people begin to formulate long-range goals and plans.
Propriate striving
Stage 6 develops during ages 6-12. Children begin to apply reason and logic to the solution of everyday problems
Self as rational copper
Normal, mature adults are functionally autonomous, independent of childhood motives. They function rationally in the present and consciously create their own lifestyles
Adulthood
Infant-mother bond
– source of ____ and _____
affection and security
It is concerned with the mystical and with understanding the universe as a
whole
Religious values
It is concerned with the useful and practical
Economic values
It deals with personal power, influence, and prestige in all endeavors, not just in political activities.
Political values
It reflects human relationships, altruism, and philanthropy
Social values
It is related to artistic experiences and to form, harmony, and grace
Aesthetic values
It is concerned with the discovery of truth and are characterized by an
empirical, intellectual, and rational approach to life
Theoretical values
It involves examining diaries,
autobiographies, letters,
literary compositions, and
other samples of a person’s
written or spoken records to
determine the number and
kinds of personality traits.
PERSONAL – DOCUMENT
TECHNIQUE
