Allgemeine Tiere - 5. Konkurenz

Question 1

Intraspezifische Konkurrenz

Answer 1

same species

Question 2

Interspezifische Konkurrenz

Answer 2

different species

Question 3

Interference competition

Answer 3

aggressively attempting to exclude one another from particular habitats (direct influence)

Question 4

Exploitation competition

Answer 4

capturing resources faster than their competitors (indirect)

Question 5

Contest competition

Answer 5

species compete on limit resource, “winner takes it all”

Question 6

Scramble competition

Answer 6

species compete on limit resource, which is eventually divided between them. no one gets its optimal part of the resource

Question 7

which species will win competition?

Answer 7

those who can use limited resources better

Question 8

Gaus’s law - competetive exclusion principle

Answer 8

complete competitors cannot coexist

Question 9

competition coefficient

Answer 9

influence of species 1 on species 2

Question 10

what is lotke-voltera model good for?

Answer 10

predict the outcome of competition - will the 2 species coexist or extinct each other?
Given: change rate of each population, competition coefficient

Question 11

4 possible outcomes of interspecific competion (draw as well!)

Answer 11

1. Species 1 wins (1 always above 2 in graph)
2. Species 2 wins (2 always above 1 in graph)
3. Depends on changes in population size over time (which area uis entres first). 4 different outcomes. K1, K2 are the highest values.
4. coexistance - where 2 graphs are crossing, K1,K2 are the smallest. No species can grow furhur and reach its K.

Question 12

Niche differentiation

Answer 12

competing species use the environment differently in a way that helps them to coexist. (e.g seeweed experiment)

Question 13

Niche shift

Answer 13

Selection characteristics that create advantage reduces competition with individuals

Question 14

What is wrong with this model?

Answer 14

k (capcity limit), r (individual grouth rate), competition coefficient - all not constant
2. environment is not static

Question 15

Evolutionary effect of interspecific competition

Answer 15

biological fitness - more fitting to habitat survives. Today - developed due to historical competition (beak size)

Question 16

charachter displacement

Answer 16

when 2 similar species live in the same region, they have differences (bird beak). In separate regions - no differences

Question 17

charachter release

Answer 17

using resources of a species that migrates from its original environment

Question 18

Apparemt competition

Answer 18

indirect, e.g when both are prey for the same predetor

Question 19

niche complementarity

Answer 19

two species having a similar niche become different in something (food size, habitat)

Question 20

Competition definition

Answer 20

use or defense of a limites resource by an individual,

reducing its availabilty of another individual

Question 21

When does competition occur?

Answer 21

When two individuals use the same resorces and the resource is dependent on the amount of individuals.