Algemmeine Tiere - 3. Nahrungs, Einnischung Flashcards
phototroph
source of energy: sun
chemotroph
source of energy: oxidation-reduction processes
autotroph
source of carbons: unorganic compunds
heterotroph
source of carbons: organic compunds
detritivor
eats dead plant material
necrophag
eates dead animals
coprophag
eats feces (shit)
saprophag
detritivor, necrophag, coprophag (dead organic materials)
Specialist animal types
Plants: monophag (one species), oligophag (many - Koala and Ekalyptus). predetors: stenophag (narrow food range)
Generalist
eats many species. polyphag (plants) / euryphag (animals). both: omnivor
Composite generalist
some individuals are specialised but the species is not (Guppy, people)
Kleptoparasit
steal food from other species, host might die
Trophic level
the groups of oraganizems in foodchain: primary producers, prim/sec/teritery consumers
NPP
all chemical enery in biomass produces by plants - what the plant use for themselvs
Ominors
absorb energy from several trophic levels.
Destruents
decompose organic material from all trophic
Levels
Energy and biomass piramides in terestrial and euateic systems
terrestrial - same: lost of biomass and energy in primary production.
Aquatic - largest biomass to secondary carnivors
Why is the water blue and land green?
- in water, more of the aututroph biomass is consumed.
- Phytoplankton is more nurtitious (more parts can be eaten compared to trees)
- terstry plants have suphisticated defense mechanisms.
- less herbivors in trestrial bacuse of predetors.
Species lower in the energy flow are…
Bigger / in larger numbers
Why is specializing on certin food good?
physiological efficiency
hypothesis - not every plant can be used, specializing on those who can and maximizing their profit. (expreiment with spiders - gene expression)
preference-performance hypothesis: choice of optimal host to offsprings. problematic
optimal foraging hypothesis
P (profitibilty from food) = E(energy from food)/t(time - searching + handeling)
What affects less profitable food eating?
how much profitable food there is => changing search time => changing p value
handeling time/search time differences food variance
fast h/s time -> can eat everything quicly -> wide spectrum.
slow h/s time -> handeling affects search -> narrow spectrum (lion)
marginal value theorem
predator should leave its presently patch when the marginal capture rate in the patch drops to the average capture rate for the habitat.
reasons why its not always like it: not always food is availabe, decision depends on elements in food (not only energy) and affected by predetors
Ecological Nisch
temprature, water and food that fit the.CREATED, NOT OCCUPIED - NO EMPTY NISCH
Guild
group of species with same resources.
Comperative exclusion principle
if two species compete on limited resources, one of them is more likely to extinct (not likely to find two species in the same nisch)
