Algemmeine Tiere - 3. Nahrungs, Einnischung

Question 1

phototroph

Answer 1

source of energy: sun

Question 2

chemotroph

Answer 2

source of energy: oxidation-reduction processes

Question 3

autotroph

Answer 3

source of carbons: unorganic compunds

Question 4

heterotroph

Answer 4

source of carbons: organic compunds

Question 5

detritivor

Answer 5

eats dead plant material

Question 6

necrophag

Answer 6

eates dead animals

Question 7

coprophag

Answer 7

eats feces (shit)

Question 8

saprophag

Answer 8

detritivor, necrophag, coprophag (dead organic materials)

Question 9

Specialist animal types

Answer 9

Plants: monophag (one species), oligophag (many - Koala and Ekalyptus). predetors: stenophag (narrow food range)

Question 10

Generalist

Answer 10

eats many species. polyphag (plants) / euryphag (animals). both: omnivor

Question 11

Composite generalist

Answer 11

some individuals are specialised but the species is not (Guppy, people)

Question 12

Kleptoparasit

Answer 12

steal food from other species, host might die

Question 13

Trophic level

Answer 13

the groups of oraganizems in foodchain: primary producers, prim/sec/teritery consumers

Question 14

NPP

Answer 14

all chemical enery in biomass produces by plants - what the plant use for themselvs

Question 15

Ominors

Answer 15

absorb energy from several trophic levels.

Question 16

Destruents

Answer 16

decompose organic material from all trophic

Levels

Question 17

Energy and biomass piramides in terestrial and euateic systems

Answer 17

terrestrial - same: lost of biomass and energy in primary production.
Aquatic - largest biomass to secondary carnivors

Question 18

Why is the water blue and land green?

Answer 18

1. in water, more of the aututroph biomass is consumed.
2. Phytoplankton is more nurtitious (more parts can be eaten compared to trees)
3. terstry plants have suphisticated defense mechanisms.
4. less herbivors in trestrial bacuse of predetors.

Question 19

Species lower in the energy flow are…

Answer 19

Bigger / in larger numbers

Question 20

Why is specializing on certin food good?

Answer 20

physiological efficiency
hypothesis - not every plant can be used, specializing on those who can and maximizing their profit. (expreiment with spiders - gene expression)

preference-performance hypothesis: choice of optimal host to offsprings. problematic

Question 21

optimal foraging hypothesis

Answer 21

P (profitibilty from food) = E(energy from food)/t(time - searching + handeling)

Question 22

What affects less profitable food eating?

Answer 22

how much profitable food there is => changing search time => changing p value

Question 23

handeling time/search time differences food variance

Answer 23

fast h/s time -> can eat everything quicly -> wide spectrum.

slow h/s time -> handeling affects search -> narrow spectrum (lion)

Question 24

marginal value theorem

Answer 24

predator should leave its presently patch when the marginal capture rate in the patch drops to the average capture rate for the habitat.
reasons why its not always like it: not always food is availabe, decision depends on elements in food (not only energy) and affected by predetors

Question 25

Ecological Nisch

Answer 25

temprature, water and food that fit the.CREATED, NOT OCCUPIED - NO EMPTY NISCH

Question 26

Guild

Answer 26

group of species with same resources.

Question 27

Comperative exclusion principle

Answer 27

if two species compete on limited resources, one of them is more likely to extinct (not likely to find two species in the same nisch)