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*Review TD 2020 > Allergy Immunology > Flashcards

Allergy Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Erythema multiforme

  • causes
  • location
A
  • HSV > mycoplasma, anticonvulsants, barbiturates
  • dorm hands/feet + extensor
  • usually not MM
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2
Q

Example of each type of hypersensitivity

A

1: Anaphylaxis
2: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
3: Immune complex = serum sickness
4: Delayed T cell- contact dermatitis

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3
Q

Serum sickness
- type, organs, key lab

Serum sickness like

  • difference
  • common cause
A
  • Type 3 - immune complex deposits
  • Skin, Joints, Renal
  • Low complement

SSL: no IC, no renal dz, normal complement
Common: cefaclor

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4
Q

Most common cause of anaphylaxis

A

Food > Venom > Meds

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5
Q

SJS - Common cause

- Clinical Sign

A

Sulfonamides
Anticonvulsants

Nicolsky sign

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6
Q

Poison ivy allergy

A

Rhus dermatitis

Linear vesicles

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7
Q

Penicillin Allergy

- cross reactivity w cephalosporin?

A

2%

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8
Q

Anaphylaxis diagnosis?

A

1) Cutaneous + either CVS/Resp
2) Likely allergen + 2 systems
3) Known allergen + hypotension

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9
Q

Anaphylaxis tx?

observation?

A

Epi IM 0.01mg/kg
if on B Blocker give glucagon
?steroids

Observe 4-6 hours

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10
Q

Biphasic anaphylaxis

  • increased risk?
  • length of time?
A
  • Delayed epi
  • More than one dose epi
  • Severe sx

Up to 72 hr

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11
Q

Discharge management for anaphylaxis

A
  • Epi autoinjector
  • Anaphylaxis action plan
  • Medical ID device
  • Allergy referral
  • Avoidance of trigger
  • Consider 3 days of antihistamines/steroids
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12
Q

Hereditary angioedema

  • deficiency in ?
  • inheritance?
  • presentation
A

C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

Autosomal dominant

Episodic nonpruritic angioedema without urticaria

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13
Q

Humoral Defects

  • examples
  • characteristics
A
  • IgA def
  • XLA
  • CVID

Sinopulmonary infections
Autoimmunity
Malignancy

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14
Q

Xlinked agamm

  • Type
  • Characteristics
A
  • Humoral - No B cells
  • No Ig’s
  • No lymph tissue
  • Sinopulmonary infections
  • Enteroviral meningoencephalitis
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15
Q

Common Variable immune deficiency

  • Type
  • Age
  • Characteristics
A
  • Humoral
  • Have lymph tissue
  • Most common
  • Often presents puberty
  • Recurrent bacterial infections
  • Autoimmunity
  • Malignancy
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16
Q

How to test for humoral defect?

A

Number:
CBC + Diff
Ig’s
Lymphocyte subsets: CD 19

Function:
Ab titers

17
Q

How to test for cellular defect?

A

Number:
CBC + Diff: total lymphocyte count
Lymphocyte subsets: CD 3(tot), 4, 8

Function:
Mitogen and Antigen proliferation studies

18
Q

Complement deficiency

  • Presentations
  • Lab
A

Severe recurrent/invasive encapsulated bacteria infections
Rheumatic dz
Neisseria Meningitis

Lab: CH50

19
Q

Wiskott Aldrich

  • inheritance
  • characteristics
  • Labs
A

X linked

Eczema
Thrombocytopenia
Recurrent pyogenic infections

High IgA and IgE

20
Q

Ataxia telangiectasia

  • Characteristics
  • Screening
A

Cerebellar ataxia
Telangiectasia
Recurrent infections
Oculomotor abnormalities

Screen: alpha fetoprotein

21
Q

22q11

A 
Cardiac - interrupted aortic arch
Abnormal facies
Thymic hypo/aplasia
Cleft lip/palate
Hypocalcemia
22
Q

autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1

A

— Autoimmunity / polyendocrinopathy
- Addison’s disease and hypoparathyroidism most common

Chronic mucocutaneous candida infections
- Oropharyngeal, esophageal, nails, skin, vulvovaginal

Ectodermal dysplasia

  • Pitted nail dystrophy
  • Dental enamel dysplasia with thin enamel and pits
23
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

- Bugs?

A

Bacterial and Fungal infections
Absecesses and granulomas

S.aureus
Aspergillis
Nocardia
Serratia Morcescenes
Burkholdia cepacia
Salmonella
24
Q

How long do you wait after IVIG to give live vaccines?

A

11 months

25
Q

Risk of anaphylaxis after giving IVIG in which immune deficiency

A

IgA deficiency

26
Q

Indications for IVIG?

A
  • Humoral and Combined Primary Immune Deficiency
  • Absent levels of IgM or IgG (XLA, CVID, Hyper-IgM Syndrome, SCID, Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, antibody deficiency with normal immunoglobulins, selected cases of IgG subclass deficiencies despite antibiotic treatment
  • Kawasaki
  • B-Cell CLL
  • HIV
  • ITP
  • Guillain-Barre
  • TEN
  • Graves Opthalmopathy
  • CMV induced pneumonia in solid organ transplants

NOT NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

27
Q

list 4 avoidant strategies for child with perennial allergic rhinitis

A
  • Sealing the patient’s mattress, pillow, and covers in allergen-proof encasings reduces the exposure to mite allergen
  • Bed linen and blankets should be washed every week in hot water (>54.4°C)
  • Removal of pet from the home
  • Stay in a controlled environment to avoid pollen and outdoor molds
  • High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters lower the counts of airborne mold spores.
28
Q

2 most common allergies in infants

A

Eggs

Milk

29
Q

What are the 8 live vaccines?

A

BCG, Influenza, MMR, Rotavirus, PO Typhoid, VZV, Yellow Fever, Smallpox

30
Q

Weights for epipen jr and epipen

A

Epipen Jr 10-25kg

Epipen >25kg

31
Q

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

- associations

A

IBD

Granuloma

32
Q

Delayed shedding of the primary teeth

A

Hyper IgE syndrome

*Review TD 2020 (16 decks)

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