Allergy And Allergic Disease

Question 1

What is type 1 allergy

Answer 1

Ige mediated allergest against aeroallargens

Question 2

How quick does type 1 allergy occur

Answer 2

Quickly

Question 3

Hwo do you develop a type 1 allergy

Answer 3

1. You are exposed to the allergen that the body recognises as foreign and dangerous
2. Immune system produced an immune response to ti by producing ige
3. When you are re-exposed you get an allergic response

Question 4

Describe how an allergic reaction develops

Answer 4

1. The antigen is in the body
2. Ige stimulate the allergy cells
3. FceR1 receptors on the mast cells or basophil cross link towith antigen/IGE
4. Mast cells becomes activates and release substances to cause an allegic reaction

Question 5

Which substances are released from mast cells

Answer 5

Histamines
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
PAF
Tryptase

Question 6

What does the substances from mast cells cause

Answer 6

Vasodilation
Icnreased vascular permeability 
Heart rate and contraction increased
Glandular secretion
Bronchosecretion

Question 7

What is hayfever also known

Answer 7

Allergic rhinitis

Question 8

What are the symptoms of hayfever

Answer 8

Nasal ithcing
Runny nose 
Sneezing
Allergic conjunctivitis
Tears
Eyes itching

Question 9

Which allergen causes hayfever

Answer 9

Pollen

Question 10

What are the tests that we can carry out in allergic rhinitis

Answer 10

Specifc ige test - to confirm allergy of history
Total ige: helps interpreted serum specifc ige
Skin prick test: more sensitive than serum specific ige

Question 11

What is the management of allergic rhinitis

Answer 11

Step 1: allergen avoidance, nasal or oral antihistamine
Step 2: nasal steroid and nasal/oral antihistamine
Step 3: ipratropium bromide, increase antihistamine, LTRA
Step 4: confrim failed on maximal medical therapy, immunotherapy

Question 12

What is allergic asthma

Answer 12

A phenotype of asthma where symptoms are worse on exposure to an allergen

Question 13

What is allergic rhinitis a risk factor for

Answer 13

Allergic asthma

Question 14

What is atopic dermatitis

Answer 14

Allergic skin disease and immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation

Question 15

What is the cause of atopic dermatitis

Answer 15

There is often an underyling genetic defect in the barrier defence

Question 16

What is the genetic defect called

Answer 16

Filaggrin (structural protein in the keratinocyte layer)

Question 17

What is the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Answer 17

Avoid allergen
Prevent sratching
Prevent barrier defence breakdown
Treat the infection with antibiotic creams
Treat the chronic inflammation with steroids

Question 18

What does disruption of the outer layer cause

Answer 18

Causes the allergen to penetrate the skin and come into contact with antigen presenting cells to generate a TH2 immune response

Question 19

What is the difference between food allergery and food intolerance

Answer 19

Food intolerance is non ige mediated

Question 20

What are the symptoms of food allergy

Answer 20

Itching
Swelling
Hives
Angioedema

Question 21

What are the symptoms of food intolerance

Answer 21

Abdominal discomfot
Bloating
Vomiting
Nausea
Diarrhoea

Question 22

What is the difference between the onset of allergy and food intolerance

Answer 22

Allergy occurs quick within 30 mins

Food intolerance lasts longer

Question 23

What is the management of food allergy

Answer 23

Avoidance
Anti histamine
Adrenaline

Question 24

What is the management of food intolerance

Answer 24

Avoidance
Re introduce slowly
No medication