Allergies, Bites, Stings, Rubs

Question 1

Allergen

Answer 1

Anything present in the environment that causes an allergic reaction
- common: dust, bacteria, *medications, food, substances
- get them after multiple exposure, can’t have allergic reaction after single exposure
- causes our bodies to release histamines

Question 2

Symptoms of allergies (mild to moderate)

Answer 2

• skin itching or swelling (localized or systemic)
• trouble breathing (swelling of lower and upper respiratory tract and vasodilation)
• runny/ itchy nose
• nausea and vomiting
• lower BP

Question 3

Treatment for mild to moderate allergies

Answer 3

• antihistamines (tylenol, benedryl in america)
• remove person away from allergen

Question 4

Severe allergic reactions

Answer 4

• anaphylactic shock (should show shock symptoms)
• airway closes because of bronchoconstriction
• treat with epi pen

Question 5

When to administer epi

Answer 5

• unknown history (don’t know if they are allergic to something they have come into contact with)
• known history but unknown exposure
• 2 of the 4 systems are shutting down (circulatory, respiratory, GI, skin)
• known history and known exposure

Question 6

Skin systemic reaction + another system shuts down

Answer 6

• want to see skin reaction +
  1. respiratory system failure: difficulty/short/labored breathing, throat closing, noises from airway
  2. circulatory system failure: low BP, can’t feel radial pulse, dizziness
  3. GI failure: stomach pain, vomiting, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, constipation

Question 7

Bee sting treatment

Answer 7

• never squeeze stinger because will release more toxins in, scrape it off with a credit card

Question 8

Scorpion bite

Answer 8

• not fatal
• low grade fever for a few days
• bites burn for a few days and could blister

Question 9

Spider bite

Answer 9

• not fatal in most cases in india
• can be tissue necrosis in the bitten area
• clean wound properly and scrape tissue so necrosis doesn’t go deep

Question 10

Ticks

Answer 10

• remove by using tweezers and pinching
• don’t rotate them or irritate them too much in the area because will vomit
• don’t leave them for too long in the area, remove them immediately

Question 11

Leeches

Answer 11

• don’t pull them away or scrape them with a credit card because their head can remain in your body and will cause infection
• use pungent smell or salt to get rid of them
• put tight born fabric above the leech area so it won’t move up
• don’t scratch the area

Question 12

Snake bite protocol

Answer 12

• don’t grab snake or irritate it because it could be a dry bite and you are making it a wet bite
• reassure and rest the patient so their HR doesn’t increase
• immobilize the area by a soft splint and don’t make it be above the heart
• remove restrictive clothing or jewlery so the area can swell
• get to the hospital fast, rapid evac
• don’t do anything to irritate the wound
• note down time of incident