Allergies/ Autoimmune Flashcards
Immune system: The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against ______. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as _______, from ______ to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism’s own healthy tissue.
disease; pathogens; viruses
Immunoglobulins: Antibodies former by the _______ and plasma cells. 5 Groups (IgE, IgI,IgG, IgM, IgA). Found in lymph nodes tonsils, appendix, patches in the intestine and circulating in blood and ______.
lymphocytes; lymph
immunoglobulins: Capable of binding to a wide variety of _______. IgM, IgG, IgA – well defined protective functions. Neutralize _____/______. Precipitate, agglutinate and split bacteria/cellular material. IgE involved in ______ ______.
antigens; toxins/viruses; allergic reactions
Immune system:
study image for 10 sec
what are some important organs of the immune system?
Allergic Disorders
- Anaphylaxis
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Contact Dermatitis
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Dermatitis Medicamentosa
- Urticaria and Angioneurotic Edema
- Hereditary Angioedema
- Food Allergy
- Latex Allergy- associated wtih bananas
*per miss kitty Hay fever is #1
Chemical mediators.
What are the 4 primary mediators?
What are the 3 secondary mediators?
•Primary- initial
- Histamine
- Eosinophil
- Platelet activating factor- bronchi constricting
- Prostaglandins- small muscle constricting
•Secondary
- Leukotrienes
- Bradykinin
- Serotonis- contracts bronchi
Hypersensitivity:
What are the 4 different types of hypersensitivity?
- Anaphylactic (Type I)- insect bites, drugs, food, allergy shot, hives, asthma, systemic, (stritter, decreased BP)
- Cytoxic(Type II): autoimmune- transfusion reaction
- Immune complex (Type III)- serum sickness, joints/kidney (nephritis) Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, pain, rash
- Delayed type (Type IV)-tissue damage, Hashimoto’s disease, contact dermitiis.
Allergy: diagnostics
What diagnostic tests can be done for allergies?
•Blood work
–CBC with differential
–Eosinophil Count
–Total Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels
•Skin tests
–Intradermal
–Prick
–Scratch
•Provocative testing
•RadioallergosorbentTesting
Allergies: Clinical manifestations
What are the immediate and delayed clnical manifestations?
•Immediate
–Skin – Uticaria
–Respiratory - wheezing
Delayed
–Contact S/S
–Vesicular lesions
–Papules
–Edema
–Crusting
–Thickening of skin
Irritant contact dermatitis- redness itching
Latex allergy:
- Allergy to ______ rubber products
- “______” among health care workers
- At risk - ______ esp. surgical procedures
natural; popular; patients
Latex allergies:
What are cross allergies and routes for exposure?
•Cross allergies- banana, kiwi, avocado, pineapple, passion fruit, chestnuts
•Routes of exposure – cutaneous,, per-cutaneous, mucosal, parenteral, aerosol
Allergy: Management
•Avoidance - May need to quit working in environment
•Warning labels/bracelets•
Drugs
–Antihistamines
–Epinephrine
–Mast cell stabilizers
–Steroids
–Immunotherapy
•Nursing
–Screen for allergy
–No exposure
–Teaching
New:
- Allergy ______ immunity now in place
- Vaccinate with _______ of allergens
- Use recombinant allergens
- DNA vaccines
- _________ antibodies and other strategies to block IgEor its synthesis
specific; isoforms; monoclonal
Autoimmune diseases:
What are the 7 types of autoimmune diseases?
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosis(SLE)
- Scleraderma
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myasthenia Gravis
- GuillianBarre’
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- Type I Diabetes
Tissues affected by autoimmunity
take a min to review image
what are the 5 triggers listed?
