Allergies/ Autoimmune Flashcards
Immune system: The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against ______. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as _______, from ______ to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism’s own healthy tissue.
disease; pathogens; viruses
Immunoglobulins: Antibodies former by the _______ and plasma cells. 5 Groups (IgE, IgI,IgG, IgM, IgA). Found in lymph nodes tonsils, appendix, patches in the intestine and circulating in blood and ______.
lymphocytes; lymph
immunoglobulins: Capable of binding to a wide variety of _______. IgM, IgG, IgA – well defined protective functions. Neutralize _____/______. Precipitate, agglutinate and split bacteria/cellular material. IgE involved in ______ ______.
antigens; toxins/viruses; allergic reactions
Immune system:
study image for 10 sec
what are some important organs of the immune system?
Allergic Disorders
- Anaphylaxis
- Allergic Rhinitis
- Contact Dermatitis
- Atopic Dermatitis
- Dermatitis Medicamentosa
- Urticaria and Angioneurotic Edema
- Hereditary Angioedema
- Food Allergy
- Latex Allergy- associated wtih bananas
*per miss kitty Hay fever is #1
Chemical mediators.
What are the 4 primary mediators?
What are the 3 secondary mediators?
•Primary- initial
- Histamine
- Eosinophil
- Platelet activating factor- bronchi constricting
- Prostaglandins- small muscle constricting
•Secondary
- Leukotrienes
- Bradykinin
- Serotonis- contracts bronchi
Hypersensitivity:
What are the 4 different types of hypersensitivity?
- Anaphylactic (Type I)- insect bites, drugs, food, allergy shot, hives, asthma, systemic, (stritter, decreased BP)
- Cytoxic(Type II): autoimmune- transfusion reaction
- Immune complex (Type III)- serum sickness, joints/kidney (nephritis) Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, pain, rash
- Delayed type (Type IV)-tissue damage, Hashimoto’s disease, contact dermitiis.
Allergy: diagnostics
What diagnostic tests can be done for allergies?
•Blood work
–CBC with differential
–Eosinophil Count
–Total Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels
•Skin tests
–Intradermal
–Prick
–Scratch
•Provocative testing
•RadioallergosorbentTesting
Allergies: Clinical manifestations
What are the immediate and delayed clnical manifestations?
•Immediate
–Skin – Uticaria
–Respiratory - wheezing
Delayed
–Contact S/S
–Vesicular lesions
–Papules
–Edema
–Crusting
–Thickening of skin
Irritant contact dermatitis- redness itching
Latex allergy:
- Allergy to ______ rubber products
- “______” among health care workers
- At risk - ______ esp. surgical procedures
natural; popular; patients
Latex allergies:
What are cross allergies and routes for exposure?
•Cross allergies- banana, kiwi, avocado, pineapple, passion fruit, chestnuts
•Routes of exposure – cutaneous,, per-cutaneous, mucosal, parenteral, aerosol
Allergy: Management
•Avoidance - May need to quit working in environment
•Warning labels/bracelets•
Drugs
–Antihistamines
–Epinephrine
–Mast cell stabilizers
–Steroids
–Immunotherapy
•Nursing
–Screen for allergy
–No exposure
–Teaching
New:
- Allergy ______ immunity now in place
- Vaccinate with _______ of allergens
- Use recombinant allergens
- DNA vaccines
- _________ antibodies and other strategies to block IgEor its synthesis
specific; isoforms; monoclonal
Autoimmune diseases:
What are the 7 types of autoimmune diseases?
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosis(SLE)
- Scleraderma
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myasthenia Gravis
- GuillianBarre’
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- Type I Diabetes
Tissues affected by autoimmunity
take a min to review image
what are the 5 triggers listed?
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:
•Disturbed immune system causes increased production of autoantibodies. What causes this?
–Drug induced
–Genetics & Hormonal
–Environmental
Systemic lupus Eythematosus:
- Chronic, inflammatory connective tissue disorder
- Can cause major organ failure
- What are the different types?
- SLE
- Discoid LE- skin only
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus:Clinical manifestations
•Onset – sudden or insidious in the young to middle aged.
What are the signs and symptoms for the different organs?
–Musc/skel= arthralgias, arthritis
–Skin = subacute cutaneous lupus, discoid lupus, photosensitivity,
–CV = Pericarditis, early atherosclerosis, Raynaudsphenomenon
–Renal = damage may lead to HTN
–CNS = fatigue, fever, HA, subtle behavioral and cognitive changes
–Lungs- SOB
Systemic lupus erythematosus: Assessment and diagnostic findings
As the nurse what general health history is needed?
What studies are related to all rheumatoid conditions?
•General Health History
–Skin
–Cardiovascular
–Lungs
–CNS to include mental status
•Studies related to all rheumatiod conditions
–Arthrocentesis
–X-Ray Studies/ECHO
–Bone and Joint Scans
–Tissue Biopsies
•Blood Tests
Lupus: Medical management
What are goals for preventing progession?
What are the pharmacologic therapy and nonpharmacological therapy?
–Rest and Activity
–Sun Smart
–No smoking
–Alternative – DHEA, fish oil and VitD
–Pharmacologic Therapy
•Salicylates, NSAIDs, antirheumatic drugs, steroids, antimalarial drugs. immunosuppresants
–Nonpharmacologic Therapy
- heat and cold
- assistive and supportive devices
Lupus: Nursing Management
what are 7 things you would do as a nurse?
- Relieving pain and discomfort
- Decreasing fatigue
- Promoting restful sleep
- Increasing mobility
- Facilitating self-care
- Improving body image and coping
- Monitoring and managing potential complications
