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Power Engineering Terms > All Terms 5 > Flashcards

All Terms 5 Flashcards

1
Q

SACRIFICIAL ANODES

A

Coupling of a more active metal to a structure resulting in a galvanic current flow through the corroding electrolyte.

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2
Q

SACRIFICIAL PROTECTION

A

Reduction of corrosion of a metal in an electrolyte by galvanically coupling it to a more anodic metal. A form of cathodic protection.

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3
Q

SADDLE VALVE (TAP

A

A

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4
Q

LINE)

A

Valve body shaped so it may be silver brazed or clamped onto a refrigerant tubing surface.

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5
Q

SADDLE VALVE (TAP

A

A

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6
Q

LINE)

A

Valve body shaped so it may be silver brazed or clamped onto a refrigerant tubing surface.

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7
Q

SAFETY CAN

A

Approved container of not more than 5 gallon capacity. It has a spring closing lid and spout cover. It is designed to relieve internal pressure safely when exposed to fire.

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8
Q

SAFETY CONTROL

A

Device to stop refrigerating unit if unsafe pressure and/or temperatures and/or dangerous conditions are reached.

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9
Q

SAFETY PLUG

A

Device which will release the contents of a container before rupture pressures are reached.

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10
Q

SALINITY

A

A measure of the concentration of dissolved mineral substances in water.

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11
Q

SALT SPITTING

A

The ability of an anion exchanger to convert a salt solution to caustic

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12
Q

SATURATED AIR

A

When the air cannot hold any more moisture.

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13
Q

SATURATED LIQUID

A

A liquid which is at saturation pressure and saturation temperature

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14
Q

SATURATED VAPOR

A

A vapor which is at saturation pressure and saturation temperature. A saturated vapor cannot be superheated as long as it is in contact with the liquid from

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15
Q

SATURATION

A

Condition existing when substance contains all of another substance it can hold for that temperature and pressure.

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16
Q

SATURATION INDEX

A

The relation of calcium carbonate to the pH, alkalinity, and hardness of a water to determine its scale forming tendency.

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17
Q

SATURATION PRESSURE

A

The point, where at a given temperature a pure substance starts to boil.

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18
Q

SATURATION TEMPERATURE

A

The point, where at a given pressure a pure substance starts to boil.

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19
Q

SAYBOLT UNIVERSAL VISCOSITY

A

A commercial measure of viscosity expressed as a time in seconds required for 60 mL of a fluid to flow through the orifice of the standard Saybolt

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20
Q

universal viscometer at a given temperature under specific conditions

A

used for the lighter petroleum products and lubrication oils.

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21
Q

SCALE

A

Surface oxidation, consisting of partially adherent layers of corrosion products, left on metals by heating or casting in air or in other oxidizing atmosphere. Also a deposit on a

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22
Q

heat

A

transfer surface resulting from precipitation of salts present in water in contact with that surface, forming a hard, dense material.

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23
Q

SCALE CAUSING ELEMENTS

A

Calcium and magnesium elements forming scale.

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24
Q

SCALE REMOVAL

A

Waterside, removal of scale using either the mechanical, the water treatment or the acid cleaning process.

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25
Q

SCC

A

Stress corrosion cracking.

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26
Q

SCREENS

A

Equipment designed to prevent larger objects to enter water treatment system.

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27
Q

SCREW PUMP

A

Compressor constructed of two mated revolving screws.

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28
Q

SCRUBBER

A

An apparatus for the removal of solids from gases by entrainment in water.

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29
Q

SEAL, MAGNETIC

A

A seal that uses magnetic material, instead of springs or bellows, to provide the closing force.

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30
Q

SEAL, ROTARY

A

A mechanical seal that rotates with a shaft and is used with a stationary mating ring.

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31
Q

SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

A

Heat will flow only from material at higher temperature to material at lower temperature.

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32
Q

SECONDARY REFRIGERANT

A

Chilled liquid

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33
Q

SECONDARY SYSTEM

A

A re

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34
Q

circulating water system that is a takeoff from a primary system

A

it does not circulate directly through the source of heat or cooling but only indirectly

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35
Q

SECONDARY TREATMENT

A

Treatment of boiler feedwater or internal treatment of boiler water after primary treatment.

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36
Q

SEDIMENTATION

A

Gravitational settling of solid particles in a liquid system.

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37
Q

SEEBECK EFFECT

A

When two different adjacent metals are heated, an electric current is generated between the metals.

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38
Q

SENSIBLE HEAT

A

Heat which causes a change in temperature of a substance.

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39
Q

SENSIBLE HEAT

A

Sensible heat is any heat transfer that causes a change in temperature. Heating and cooling of air and water that may be measured with a thermometer is sensible heat.

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40
Q

SENSIBLE HEAT FACTOR

A

The ratio of sensible heat to total heat.

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41
Q

SENSING DEVICE

A

A device that keeps track of the measured condition and its fluctuations so that when sufficient variation occurs it will originate the signal to revise the operation of

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42
Q

SENSING ELEMENT

A

The first system element or group of elements. The sensing element performs the initial measurement operation.

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43
Q

SEPARATOR

A

A tank type pressure vessel installed in a steam pipe to collect condensate to be trapped off and thus providing comparatively dry steam to the connected machinery.

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44
Q

SEPARATOR

A

Device to separate one substance from another.

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45
Q

SEQUENCER

A

A mechanical or electrical device that may be set to initiate a series of events and to make the events follow in sequence.

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46
Q

SEQUESTER

A

To form a stable, water

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47
Q

SEQUESTRANT

A

A substance that holds a mineral or metal in solution beyond its saturation point.

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48
Q

SERIES CIRCUIT

A

One with all the elements connected end to end. The current is the same throughout but the voltage can be different across each element.

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49
Q

SERVICE DROP

A

The overhead service wires that serve a building.

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50
Q

SERVICE SWITCH

A

Disconnect switches or circuit breakers. Purpose is to completely disconnect the building from the electric service.

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51
Q

SERVICE VALVE

A

Manually operated valve mounted on refrigerating systems used for service operation.

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52
Q

SET POINT

A

The value of the controlled condition at which the instrument is set to operate.

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53
Q

SETTLING BASIN

A

A containment design with external water treatment to settle sediments and to clarify.

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54
Q

SHAFT SEAL

A

Device used to prevent leakage between shaft and housing.

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55
Q

SHARP FREEZING

A

Refrigeration at temperatures slightly below freezing, with moderate air circulation.

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56
Q

SHED

A

To de

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57
Q

SHED MODE

A

A method of demand control that reduces kW demand through shedding and restoring loads.

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58
Q

SHELL AND TUBE FLOODED EVAPORATOR

A

Device which flows water through tubes built into cylindrical evaporator or vice versa.

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59
Q

SHELL TYPE CONDENSER

A

Cylinder or receiver which contains condensing water coils or tubes.

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60
Q

SHELL

A

AND

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61
Q

TUBE

A

Designation of a heat exchanger having straight tubes encased inside a shell.

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62
Q

SHIELDED CABLE

A

Special cable used with equipment that generates a low voltage output. Used to minimize the effects of frequency “noise” on the output signal.

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63
Q

SHOCK DOSAGE

A

The feeding of treatment to a system all in one slug or dose rather than gradually (also called a slug dosage).

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64
Q

SHOCK FEEDER

A

A device which is used to add treatment to a system in an instantaneous manner.

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65
Q

SHORT CIRCUIT

A

A direct connection of low resistive value that can significant alter the behavior of an element or system.

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66
Q

SHORT CYCLING

A

Unit runs and then stops at short intervals

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67
Q

SHROUD, TURBINES

A

Also referred to as the sealing strip on turbine blades. Its purpose is to supply rigidity to the blades, lessen vibration and provide sealing between stages.

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68
Q

SHROUD, PUMPS

A

The front and/or back of an impeller.

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69
Q

SHUNT

A

A device to divert part of an electric current.

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70
Q

SIGHT GLASS

A

Glass tube or glass window in refrigerating mechanism. It shows amount of refrigerant or oil in system and indicates presence of gas bubbles in liquid line.

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71
Q

SILICA

A

Silicon dioxide (Si02), a mineral found naturally as quartz or in complex combination with other elements such as silicates.

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72
Q

SILICA GEL

A

Absorbent chemical compound used as a drier. When heated, moisture is released and compound may be reused.

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73
Q

SILICA, COLLOIDAL

A

Silica in colloidal form.

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74
Q

SILICA, VOLATILE

A

Silica carryover with steam.

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75
Q

SILT DENSITY INDEX

A

A measure of the tendency of a water to foul a reverse osmosis membrane, based on time flow through a membrane filter at constant pressure.

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76
Q

SIMPLE CYCLE

A

Referring to the gas turbine cycle consisting only of compression, combustion and expansion.

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77
Q

SINGLE PHASING

A

The condition when one phase of a multiphase (poly

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78
Q

SINGLE SHAFT GAS TURBINE

A

A gas turbine arrangement in which the compressor and the gas turbine are all coupled to one shaft.

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79
Q

SINGLE STAGE COMPRESSOR

A

Compressor having only one compressive step between inlet and outlet.

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80
Q

SKIN CONDENSER

A

Condenser using the outer surface of the cabinet as the heat radiating medium.

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81
Q

SLIME

A

A soft, sticky, mucus

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82
Q

SLING PSYCHROMETER

A

Measuring device with wet and dry bulb thermometers. Moved rapidly through air it measures humidity.

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83
Q

SLUDGE

A

A deposit on a heat

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84
Q

SLUG

A

A unit of measure for mass in the English system, which equals 14.6 kg in the SI system.

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85
Q

SLUGGING

A

Condition in which mass of liquid enters compressor causing hammering.

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86
Q

SLURRY

A

A water containing high concentration of suspended solids, usually over 5000 mg/L.

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87
Q

SLURRY EROSION

A

Material removal due to the combined action of corrosion and wear.

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88
Q

SODA ASH

A

A common water treatment chemical, sodium carbonate.

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89
Q

SODIUM CHLORIDE

A

Common table salt, used to produce a brine solution, used a secondary refrigerant.

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90
Q

SODIUM SULFITE (Na2S03)

A

A chemical used with water treatment to remove small amounts of oxygen.

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91
Q

SODIUM TRACER METHOD

A

A technique used to measure dissolved solids in steam to values as low as 0.001 ppm.

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92
Q

SODIUM ZEOLITE SOFTENING

A

The process of removing scale forming ions of calcium and magnesium and replacing them with the equivalent amount of sodium ions.

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93
Q

SOFT WATER

A

Water that is free of magnesium or calcium salts.

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94
Q

SOFTENING

A

The removal of hardness (calcium and magnesium) from water.

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95
Q

SOLAR HEAT

A

Heat created by visible and invisible energy waves from the sun.

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96
Q

SOLENOID VALVE

A

Electromagnet with a moving core. It serves as a valve or operates a valve.

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97
Q

SOLID ABSORBENT REFRIGERATION

A

Refrigeration system which uses solid substance as absorber of the refrigerant during the cooling part of the cycle and releases refrigerant

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98
Q

SOLID STATE HALOGEN LEAK DETECTOR

A

An electronic leak detector for all halogen. related refrigerants.

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99
Q

SOLUBLE IRON

A

Usually present in cooling water systems and can arise from metallurgical corrosion.

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100
Q

SOLU

A

BRIDGE

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101
Q

SORBENT

A

See absorbent.

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102
Q

SOUR GAS

A

A gaseous environment containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide in hydrocarbon reservoirs.

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103
Q

SOUR WATER

A

Waste water containing malodorous materials, usually sulfur compounds.

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104
Q

SPARGER

A

An extension into the bottom of a tank of a pipe which has a distribution nozzle on the end for mixing one fluid with another.

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105
Q

SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE

A

Measures the ability of a water to conduct electricity. Conductivity increases with total dissolved solids and is therefore used to estimate dissolved solids

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106
Q

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

A

The density of a substance compared to the density of a standard material such as water.

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107
Q

SPECIFIC HEAT

A

Ratio of quantity of heat required to raise temperature of a body 1 degree to that required to raise temperature of equal mass of water 1 degree.

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108
Q

SPECIFIC HEAT (Cp)

A

The ratio of the mount of heat required to raise a mass of material 1 degree in temperature to the amount required to raise n eual mass of reference substance,

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109
Q

SPECIFIC HUMIDITY

A

Ratio of weight of vapor to the weight of gas in a unit volume of an air

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110
Q

SPECIFIC VOLUME

A

Volume per unit mass of a substance.

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111
Q

SPLASH SYSTEM, OILING

A

Method of lubricating moving parts by agitating or splashing oil in the crankcase.

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112
Q

SPLIT

A

STREAM DEALKALIZER

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113
Q

SPRAY CARRYOVER

A

Are referred to a mist or fog and are a degree of atomization of the boiler water and carried with the steam. This type of carryover is to be prevented by the drum

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114
Q

SPRAY COOLING

A

Method of refrigerating by spraying expendable refrigerant or by spraying refrigerated water.

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115
Q

SPRAY MANIFOLD

A

A pipe, or extension of a water line, that has several openings fitted with nozzles which spray water.

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116
Q

SPRAY

A

COIL UNIT

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117
Q

SPRAY

A

COOLING CIRCUIT

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118
Q

An open cooling

A

water circuit which sprays water and cools by evaporation, for example, a cooling tower, all evaporative condenser, an air washer, or a

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119
Q

spray

A

coil unit.

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120
Q

STABILITY INDEX

A

An imperical modification of the saturation index used to predict scaling or corrosive tendencies in water systems.

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121
Q

STANDARD AIR CONDITIONS

A

Standard air density has been set at 0.075 Ib/cu ft. This corresponds approximately to dry air at 70°F and 29.92 in Hg. In metric units, the standard air

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122
Q

STANDARD CONDITIONS

A

The standard conditions referred to in environmental system work for air are: dry air at 70°F and at an atmospheric pressure of 29.92 inches mercury (in Hg).

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123
Q

STATE

A

Refers to the form of a fluid, either liquid, gas or solid. Liquids used in environmental systems are water, thermal fluids such as ethylene glycol solutions, and refrigerants in the

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124
Q

liquid state. Gases are steam, evaporated refrigerants and the air

A

water vapor mixture found in the atmosphere. Some substances, including commonly used refrigerants, may exist in any

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125
Q

STATIC HEAD

A

The pressure due to the weight of a fluid above the point of measurement.

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126
Q

STATIC SUCTION HEAD

A

The positive vertical height in feet from the pump centerline to the top of the level of the liquid source.

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127
Q

STATIC SUCTION LIFT

A

The distance in feet between the pump centerline and the source of liquid below the pump centerline.

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128
Q

STEAM

A

Water in vapor state.

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129
Q

STEAM DRUM

A

A pressure chamber located at the upper extremity of a boiler circulatory system, in which the steam is generated in the boiler and separated from the water.

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130
Q

STEAM JET REFRIGERATION

A

Refrigerating system which uses a steam venturi to create high vacuum (low pressure) on a water container causing water to evaporate at low

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131
Q

STEAM PURITY

A

Refers to all matter but water in the steam.

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132
Q

STEAM QUALITY

A

The percentage by weight of vapor in a steam and water mixture.

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133
Q

STEAM

A

ABSORPTION CONDENSER

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134
Q

That part of a steam

A

absorption machine in which the water refrigerant is condensed by cooling

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135
Q

STEAM

A

ABSORPTION MACHINE

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136
Q

A refrigeration or air

A

conditioning machine which uses, as a refrigerant, water evaporated by absorption in a brine regenerated by steam and

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137
Q

condensed by cooling

A

tower water.

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138
Q

STICTION (STATIC FRICTION)

A

Resistance of start of motion.

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139
Q

STOICHIOMETRIC

A

The ratio of chemical substances reacting in the water that correspond to their combining weights in the theoretical chemical reaction.

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140
Q

STRESS RAPTURE

A

A general type of damage referring to carbon steel tubing, when heated above 450°C. Material will plastically deform (creep) and then rapture.

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141
Q

STUFFING BOX

A

That portion of the pump which houses the packing or mechanical seal, The stuffing box is usually referred to as the dry portion of the pump, and is located in back of

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142
Q

SUBCOOLING

A

The difference between the temperature of a pure condensable fluid below saturation and the temperature at the liquid saturated state, at the same pressure.

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143
Q

SUBCOOLING

A

The process of cooling a liquid to a temperature below its saturation temperature for any given saturation pressure.

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144
Q

SUBLIMATION

A

A change of state directly from solid to gas without appearance of liquid.

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145
Q

SUBLIMATION

A

Condition where a substance changes from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.

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146
Q

SUCTION HEAD

A

The positive pressure on the pump inlet when the source of liquid supply is above the pump centerline.

147
Q

SUCTION LIFT

A

The combination of static suction lift and friction head in the suction piping when the source of liquid is below the pump centerline.

148
Q

SUCTION LINE

A

Tube or pipe used to carry refrigerant gas from evaporator to compressor.

149
Q

SUCTION PRESSURE

A

Pressure in low

150
Q

SUCTION PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

A

Device located in the suction line which maintains constant pressure in evaporator during running portion of cycle.

151
Q

SUCTION PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE

A

Device located in the suction line which maintains constant pressure in evaporator during running portion of cycle.

152
Q

SUCTION SERVICE VALVE

A

Two

153
Q

SUCTION SIDE

A

Low

154
Q

SULFATE

A

A compound, ion, or salt of sulfur and oxygen, such as sodium sulfate (Na2S04).

155
Q

SULFITE DECOMPOSITION

A

Sodium sulfite, which is used as an oxygen scavenger, may decomposes with higher temperatures and concentration. The decomposition results in

156
Q

SULFONIC

A

A specific acidic group (SO3H) on which depends the exchange activity of certain cation adsorbents.

157
Q

SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2)

A

An old refrigerant.

158
Q

SUN EFFECT

A

Solar energy transmitted into space through windows and building materials.

159
Q

SUPERHEAT

A

The heat added to a fluid above its saturation point.

160
Q

SUPERHEATED STEAM

A

Steam heated above its saturation temperature.

161
Q

SUPERHEATED VAPOR

A

A vapor which is not about to condense.

162
Q

SUPERHEATER

A

Heat exchanger arranged to take heat from liquid going to evaporator and using it to superheat vapor leaving evaporator.

163
Q

SUPERHEATING

A

The process of adding heat to a vapor in order to raise its temperature above saturation temperature. It is impossible to superheat a saturated vapor as long as it is in

164
Q

contact with the liquid from which it is being generated

A

hence the vapor must be led away from the liquid before it can be superheated.

165
Q

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION

A

A solution of a salt or mineral with a concentration beyond the normal saturation point.

166
Q

SURFACE BLOWDOWN

A

Removal of water, foam, etc. from the surface at the water level in a boiler.

167
Q

SURFACE HEATING

A

The exterior surface of a heating unit. Extended heating surface (or extended surface), consisting of fins, pins, or ribs which receive heat by conduction from the

168
Q

SURFACE

A

SPRAY UNIT

169
Q

A spray

A

coil unit.

170
Q

SURFACTANT

A

A compound that affects interfacial tension between two liquids. It usually reduces surface tension.

171
Q

SURFACTANTS

A

A wetting agent used to prevent fouling, mainly in water cooling systems.

172
Q

SURGE

A

The sudden displacement or movement of water in a closed vessel or drum.

173
Q

SURGE SURPRESSOR

A

A device that reduces harmonic distortion in line voltage circuits by clipping off transient voltages which are fed through the power lines from operating

174
Q

SURGE TANK

A

Container connected to the low

175
Q

SUSPENDED SOLIDS

A

Un

176
Q

SWAMP COOLER

A

Evaporative type cooler in which air is drawn through porous mats soaked with water.

177
Q

SWELLING

A

The expansion of an ion

178
Q

SYNERGISM

A

The combined action of several chemicals which produce an effect greater than the additive effects of each.

179
Q

SYSTEM

A

A series of ducts, conduits, elbows, branch piping, etc. designed to guide the flow of air, gas or vapor to and from one or more locations. A fan provides the necessary energy

180
Q

SYSTEM, CENTRAL FAN

A

A mechanical, indirect system of heating, ventilating, or air conditioning, in which the air is treated or handled by equipment located outside the rooms

181
Q

SYSTEM, CLOSED

A

A heating or refrigerating piping system in which circulating water or brine is completely enclosed, under pressure above atmospheric, and shut off from the

182
Q

SYSTEM, DUCT

A

A series of ducts, conduits, elbows, branch piping, etc. designed to guide the flow of air, gas or vapor to and from one or more locations. A fan provides the necessary

183
Q

SYSTEM, FLOODED

A

A system in which only part of the refrigerant passing over the heat transfer surface is evaporated, and the portion not evaporated is separated from the vapor

184
Q

SYSTEM, UNITARY

A

A complete, factory

185
Q

assembled and factory

A

tested refrigerating system comprising one or more assemblies which may be shipped as one unit or separately but

186
Q

SYSTEMS CURVE

A

A graphic presentation of the pressure vs. volume flow rate characteristics of a particular system.

187
Q

TAlL PIPE

A

Outlet pipe from the evaporator.

188
Q

TANNINS

A

A chemical used as an inhibitor in relation with caustic embrittlement.

189
Q

TEMPERATURE

A

Degree of hotness or coldness as measured by a thermometer.

190
Q

TEMPERATURE

A

Degree of hotness or coldness as measured by a thermometer.

191
Q

TEMPERATURE CONTROL

A

Temperature

192
Q

TEMPERATURE CRITICAL

A

The saturation temperature corresponding to the critical state of the substance at which the properties of the liquid and vapor are identical.

193
Q

TEMPERATURE, DEWPOINT

A

The temperature at which the condensation of water vapor in a space begins for a given state of humidity and pressure as the temperature of the vapor is

194
Q

TEMPERATURE, DRYBULB

A

The temperature of a gas or mixture of gases indicated by an accurate thermometer after correction for radiation.

195
Q

TEMPERATURE, EFFECTIVE

A

An arbitrary index which combines into a single value the effect of temperature, humidity, and air movement on the sensation of warmth or cold felt by the

196
Q

TEMPERATURE, SATURATION

A

The temperature at which no further moisture can be added to the air water vapor mixture. Equals dew point temperature.

197
Q

TEMPERATURE, WET BULB

A

Thermodynamic wet bulb temperature is the temperature at which liquid or solid water, by evaporating into air, can bring the air to saturation adiabatically

198
Q

TEMPERATURE

A

HUMIDITY INDEX

199
Q

TENSILE STRENGTH

A

In tensile testing, the ratio of maximum load to original cross

200
Q

TENSILE STRESS

A

A stress that causes two parts of an elastic body, on either side of a typical stress plane, to pull apart.

201
Q

TENSION

A

The force or load that produces elongation.

202
Q

TERMINAL VELOCITY

A

The maximum air stream velocity at the end of the throw.

203
Q

THE FIRST LAW

A

(1 ) When work is expanded in generating heat, the quantity of heat produced is proportional to the work expended

204
Q

performance of work, the quantity of heat which disappears is proportional to the work done (Joule)

A

(2) If a system is caused to change from an initial state to a final state by adiabatic

205
Q

means only, the work done is the same for all adiabatic paths connecting the two states (Zemansky)

A

(3) In any power cycle or refrigeration cycle, the net heat absorbed by the working

206
Q

Therm

A

Measurement used by gas utilities for billin3 purposes. 1 Therm = 100 cubic feet of gas = 100,000 Btu.

207
Q

THERM

A

Quantity of heat equal to 100000 Btu.

208
Q

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

A

The rate at which heat is transferred through an object.

209
Q

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

A

The rate of heat flow, under steady conditions, through unit area, per unit temperature gradient in the direction perpendicular to the area. It is given in the

210
Q

THERMAL EFFICIENCY

A

Ratio of shaft work out of a system to the heat energy into the system.

211
Q

THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF A GAS TURBINE

A

Is the energy output of the gas turbine divided by the energy input of the gas turbine.

212
Q

THERMAL ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE

A

The electromotive force generated in a circuit containing two dissimilar metals when one junction is at temperature different from that of the

213
Q

THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

A

When two bodies originally at different temperatures, have attained the same temperature

214
Q

THERMAL EXPANSION

A

The change in length of a material with change in temperature.

215
Q

THERMAL SHOCK

A

The development of a steep temperature gradient and accompanying high stress within a material or structure.

216
Q

THERMAL TREATMENT

A

Refers to the treatment of water with heat to drive off the dissolved gases and soften certain minerals for easy removal.

217
Q

THERMISTOR

A

A two

218
Q

THERMOBANK

A

A bank for storing heat.

219
Q

THERMOCOUPLE

A

Device for measuring temperature utilizing the fact that an electromotive force is generated whenever two junctions of two dissimilar metals in an electric circuit are

220
Q

THERMOCOUPLE

A

Device which generates electricity, using the principle that if two unlike metals are welded together and junction is heated, voltage will develop across the open

221
Q

THERMOCOUPLE

A

Device which generates electricity, using the principle that if two unlike metals are welded together and junction is heated, voltage will develop across the open

222
Q

THERMOCOUPLE THERMOMETER

A

Electrical instrument using thermocouple as source of electrical flow, connected to millimeter calibrated in temperature degrees.

223
Q

THERMODISK DEFROST CONTROL

A

Electrical switch with bimetal disk controlled by temperature changes.

224
Q

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES

A

Basic qualities used in defining the condition of a substance, such as temperature, pressure, volume, enthalpy, entropy.

225
Q

THERMODYNAMICS

A

Part of science which deals with the relationships between heat and mechanical action.

226
Q

THERMOELECTRIC REFRIGERATION

A

Where refrigeration is produced by the passage of electric current through two dissimilar materials.

227
Q

THERMOELECTRICITY

A

In physics, electricity generated by the application of heat to the junction of two dissimilar materials. If two wires of different materials are joined at their ends

228
Q

THERMOMETER

A

Device for measuring temperatures.

229
Q

THERMOMODULE

A

Number of thermocouples used in parallel to achieve low temperatures.

230
Q

THERMOPILE

A

Number of thermocouples used in series to create a higher voltage.

231
Q

THERMOSTAT

A

Device, which senses ambient temperature, conditions and, in turn, acts to control a circuit.

232
Q

THERMOSTATIC CONTROL

A

Device which operates system or part of system based on temperature change.

233
Q

THERMOSTATIC VALVE

A

Valve controlled by temperature change response elements.

234
Q

THERMOSTATIC WATER VALVE

A

Valve used to control flow of water through system, actuated (made to work) by temperature difference. Used in units such as water

235
Q

THREE

A

WAY VALVE

236
Q

Multi

A

orifice (opening) flow control valve with three fluid flow openings.

237
Q

THRESHOLD TREATMENT

A

Chemical treatment, used to prevent scale formation, which acts to hold hardness in solution at the threshold of precipitation.

238
Q

THROTTLING

A

An irreversible adiabatic steady flow process in which the fluid is caused to flow through an obstruction in a pipe with a resulting drop in pressure.

239
Q

THROTTLING RANGE

A

The amount of change in the variable being controlled to make the controlled device more through the full length of its stroke.

240
Q

TIMER

A

THERMOSTAT

241
Q

TITRATION

A

A chemical process used in analyzing feedwater.

242
Q

TON REFRIGERATION UNIT

A

Unit which removes same amount of heat in 24 hours as melting of 1 ton of ice.

243
Q

TONNS OF REFRIGERATION

A

The capacity of a refrigeration system that can freeze 1 tonne (1000 kg) of liquid water at 0°C into ice at 0°C in 24 hour is said to be 1 tone.

244
Q

TOOL STEEL

A

Any steel used o make tools for cutting, forming, or otherwise shaping a material into a final part.

245
Q

TOTAL DYNAMIC HEAD

A

Dynamic discharge head (static discharge head, plus friction head, plus velocity head) plus dynamic suction lift, or dynamic discharge head minus dynamic

246
Q

TOTAL HARDNESS

A

See Hardness.

247
Q

TOTAL HEAT

A

Sum of both the sensible and latent heat.

248
Q

TOTAL HEAT (ENTHALPY)

A

Total heat is the sum of the sensible heat and latent heat in an exchange process. In many cases, the addition or subtraction of latent and sensible heat at

249
Q

TOTAL SOLIDS

A

Are the sum of the dissolved and suspended solids.

250
Q

TOWER FILL

A

The interior structure of a cooling tower over which the water flows.

251
Q

TRACE CONSTITUENTS

A

Materials present at a concentration less than 0.01 mg/L.

252
Q

TRANCSMITTANCE, THERMA (U FACTOR)

A

The time rate of heat flow per unit area under steady conditions from the fluid on the warm side of a barrier to the fluid on the cold side,

253
Q

TRANSDUCER

A

The means by which the controller converts the signal from the sensing device into the means necessary to have the appropriate effect on the controlled device. For

254
Q

TRANSFORMER

A

The system power supplying transformer is an inductive stationary device which transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another. The transformer has two

255
Q

energy at the same voltage

A

a step

256
Q

down transformer transfers energy at a lower voltage, and a step

A

up transformer transfers energy at a higher voltage.

257
Q

TRANSIENT CONSTITUENTS

A

Are those constituents which change in concentration or activity by changes in the aquatic environment. The change my be due to oxidation

258
Q

TRANSISTOR

A

An active semiconductor device capable of providing power amplification and having three or more terminals.

259
Q

TREATMENT

A

A process whereby impurities are removed from water

260
Q

TRIBOLOGY

A

The science concerned with the design, friction, lubrication and wear of contacting surfaces that move relative to each other (as in bearings, cams, or gears).

261
Q

TUBE SHEET

A

The portion of a heat exchanger or boiler in to which the tubes are rolled or secured.

262
Q

TUBERCLE

A

A protective crust of corrosion products (rust) which builds up over a pit caused by the loss of metal due to corrosion.

263
Q

TUBERCULATION

A

A corrosion process that produces hard knob

264
Q

TUBE

A

WITHIN

265
Q

A

A

TUBE

266
Q

Water

A

cooled condensing unit in which a small tube is placed inside large unit. Refrigerant passes through outer tube, water through the inner tube.

267
Q

TURBIDITY

A

The measure of suspended matter in, a water sample which contributes to the reflection of light or cloudiness.

268
Q

TURBIDITY UNIT

A

The unit of measure of suspended matter in water. It is the measure of light compared against light reflected by a reference standard as defined by the standard

269
Q

TURBINE METER

A

A device used to measure water consumption in industrial plants.

270
Q

TURBULATOR

A

Spiral wound or spiral shaped piece located in the liquid tube of a heat exchanger.

271
Q

TURNER GAUGE

A

A device used to measure the actual scale

272
Q

TWO

A

TEMPERATURE VALVE

273
Q

Pressure

A

opened valve used in suction line on multiple refrigerator installations, which maintains evaporators in a system at different temperatures.

274
Q

TWO

A

WAY VALVE

275
Q

ULTIMATE STRENGTH

A

The maximum stress (tensile, compressive or shear) a material can sustain without fracture. It is determined by dividing maximum load by the original

276
Q

cross

A

sectional area of the specimen.

277
Q

ULTRA FILTRATION

A

A process that forces water through a filtering membrane by means of pressure gradients in order to obtain ultra pure water.

278
Q

UNDERDEPOSIT ATTACK

A

Corrosion under or around a localized deposit on a metal surface (a form of crevice corrosion).

279
Q

UNITARY SYSTEM

A

A room unit which performs part or all of the air conditioning functions. It may or may not be used with a central fan system.

280
Q

UNLOADER

A

A device in or on the compressor for equalizing high

281
Q

side and low

A

side pressures for a brief time during starting and for controlling compressor capacity by rendering one

282
Q

UPFLOW

A

The operation of an ion

283
Q

UPFLOW FILTER

A

A unit containing a single filter medium, usually with graded sand.

284
Q

UPFLOW FURNACE

A

A furnace in which the heated air flows upward as it leaves the furnace.

285
Q

UPSTREAM

A

The inlet side of an instrument, a pump, valve, etc..

286
Q

UTILITY TRANSFORMER

A

Primary and secondary coils of wire which reduce (step down) the utility supply volt age for use within a facility.

287
Q

U

A

TUBE MANOMETER

288
Q

A U

A

shaped section of plastic or glass tubing that is partially filled with water or mercury. They are used to measure the lower pressure ranges of gases.

289
Q

VACUUM

A

Pressure lower than atmospheric pressure.

290
Q

VACUUM BREAKER

A

A device to prevent a suction in a water pipe.

291
Q

VACUUM PUMP

A

Special high efficiency device used for creating high vacuums for testing or drying purposes.

292
Q

VALVE, MODULATING

A

A valve which can be positioned anywhere between fully on and fully off to proportion the rate of flow in response to a modulating controller (see modulating

293
Q

VALVE, NEEDLE

A

A form of globe valve that contains a sharp pointed, needle like plug that is driven into the and out of a cone shaped seat to accurately control a relatively small rate

294
Q

VALVE, POP

A

A spring loaded safety valve that opens automatically when pressure exceeds the limits for which the valve is set. It is used a safety device on pressurized vessels and

295
Q

VALVE, POPPET

A

A device that controls the rate of flow of fluid in a line or opens or shuts of the flow of fluid completely. When open, the sealing surface of the valve is moved away

296
Q

VALVE, PRESSURE RELIEF

A

A valve designed to minimize the possibility of explosion when air temperature surrounding a refrigeration system may rise to a point where the pressure

297
Q

VALVE, RELIEF

A

Also called pressure relief valve.

298
Q

VALVE, TWO

A

POSITION

299
Q

A valve which is either fully on or fully off with no positions between. Also called an “on

A

off valve”.

300
Q

VAPOR

A

A gas, particularly one near to equilibrium with the liquid phase of the substance and which does not follow the gas laws. Usually used instead of gas for a refrigerant, and, in

301
Q

VAPOR BARRIER

A

A moisture

302
Q

VAPOR LOCK

A

A condition where liquid flow is impeded by vapor trapped in a liquid line.

303
Q

VAPOR PHASE INHIBITORS

A

A system using an organic nitrite compound, a powder which vaporizes slowly to protect ferrous metal from contact with oxygen.

304
Q

VAPOR PRESSURE

A

Vapor pressure denotes the lowest absolute pressure that a given liquid at a given temperature will remain liquid before evaporating into its gaseous form or state.

305
Q

VAPOR, SATURATED

A

Vapor in equilibrium with its liquid

306
Q

VAPOR, SUPERHEATED

A

Vapor at a temperature which is higher than the saturation temperature (i.e., boiling point) at the existing pressure.

307
Q

VAPOR, WATER

A

Water used commonly in air conditioning parlance to refer to steam in the atmosphere.

308
Q

VAPOROUS CARRYOVER

A

Referring to impurities carried over with the steam and then forming a deposit on turbine bladings. This type of carryover is difficult to prevent.

309
Q

VELOCITY

A

A vector quantity which denotes, at once, the time rate and the direction of a linear motion.

310
Q

VELOCITY HEAD

A

The pressure needed to accelerate the fluid being pumped.

311
Q

VELOCITY, TERMINAL

A

The highest sustained air stream velocity existing in the mixed air path at the end of the throw.

312
Q

VENA CONTRACTA

A

The place along the axis of flow, just below the orifice, when the jet stream contracts to its minimum.

313
Q

VENT

A

An opening in a vessel or other enclosed space for the removal of gas or vapor.

314
Q

VENTILATION

A

The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means, to or from a space

315
Q

VENTURI TUBE METER

A

A flow meter used to determine the rate of flow and employing a venturi tube as the primary element for creating differential pressure in flowing gases or

316
Q

VISCOSITY

A

That property of semi

317
Q

VISCOSITY INDEX

A

A commonly used measure of the change in viscosity of a fluid with temperature. The higher the viscosity index, the smaller the relative change in viscosity with

318
Q

VITAL HEAT

A

The heat generated by fruits and vegetables in storage

319
Q

VOLATILE SOLIDS

A

Those solids in water or other liquids that are lost on ignition of dry solids at 550°F.

320
Q

VOLATILE TREATMENT

A

Based on the use of hydrazine and neutralizing amines or ammonia. Leaves no solids in the boiler.

321
Q

VOLATILITY

A

Volatility, surface tension and capillary action of a fluid are incidental to environmental systems. Volatility is the rapidity with which liquids evaporates extremely rapidly

322
Q

VOLT

A

The unit of potential difference or electromotive force in the meter

323
Q

kilogram

A

second system, equal to the potential difference between two points for which 1 coulomb of

324
Q

VOLTAGE (E)

A

The electromotive force in an electrical circuit. The difference in potential between two unlike charges in an electrical circuit is its voltage measured in “volts” (V).

325
Q

VOLTAGE DROP

A

The voltage drop around a circuit including wiring and loads must equal the supply volt age.

326
Q

VOLTAIC CELL

A

A storage device that converts chemical to electrical energy.

327
Q

VOLUME, SPECIFIC

A

The volume of a substance per unit mass

328
Q

WALK

A

IN

329
Q

COOLER

A

A large commercial refrigerated space often found in supermarkets or places for whole sale distribution.

330
Q

WASTE WATER

A

The used water and solids from industrial processes that flow to a treatment plant.

331
Q

WATER

A

A tasteless, odorless, colorless liquid in its pure state.

332
Q

WATER ABSORPTION

A

The amount of weight gain (%) experienced in a polymer after immersion in water for a specific length of time under controlled environment.

333
Q

WATER HAMMER

A

Banging of pipes caused by the shock of closing valves (faucets). //////////////////

334
Q

WATER LUBRICANT

A

Water used as a lubricant

335
Q

WATER SOFTENER

A

A device or system used to remove calcium and magnesium hardness minerals from a water supply.

336
Q

WATER TUBE

A

A boiler tube through which the fluid under pressure flows. The products of combustion surround the tube.

337
Q

WATER VAPOR

A

In air conditioning, the water in the atmosphere.

338
Q

WATER, BRAKISH

A

(1) Water having less salt than sea water, but undrinkable. (2) Water having salinity values ranging from about 0.5 to 17 parts per thousand.

339
Q

WATER, POTABLE

A

Water that is safe to drink.

340
Q

WATER, SOUR

A

Waste waters containing fetid materials, usually sulfur compounds.

341
Q

WATER

A

ICE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

342
Q

WATERLEG

A

That space that is full of boiler water between two parallel plates. It usually forms one or more sides of internally fired boilers.

343
Q

WATERWALL

A

A row of water tubes lining a furnace or combustion chamber, exposed to the radiant heat of the fire.

344
Q

WATT (W)

A

A measure of electric power equal to a current flow of one ampere under one volt of pressure

345
Q

WEIGHT TO POWER RATIO

A

It is the weight of the machine producing work. For example

346
Q

WET BULB

A

Device used in measurement of relative humidity. Evaporation of moisture lowers temperature of wet bulb compared to dry bulb temperature in same area.

347
Q

WET BULB TEMPERATURE (WB)

A

The temperature registered by a thermometer whose bulb is covered by a saturated wick and exposed to a current of rapidly moving air. The wet

348
Q

WET STANDBY

A

Boiler is filled completely with water or maintained at normal operating level with a positive nitrogen pressure of 35 to 70 kPa.

349
Q

WET

A

BULB DEPRESSION

350
Q

The difference between the dry

A

bulb temperature and the wet bulb temperature.

351
Q

WINDAGE DRIFT

A

That water lost from an open re

352
Q

circulating

A

water system by means of wind blown through the spray area that carries water out of the system. This is not the same as

353
Q

WOBBLE PLATE

A

SWASH PLATE

354
Q

WORKING FLUID

A

is the substance which does the work in a heat engine. The air is one of the working fluids used with gas turbines. Freons are the working fluids used with some

355
Q

ZEOLITE

A

A natural mineral (hydrous silicates) that has the capacity to absorb hardness, calcium, and magnesium ions from water.

356
Q

ZEOLITE SOFTENING

A

Refers to the process, where zeolite chemicals are capable to exchange ions with the hardness causing impurities of the water.

357
Q

ZETA POTENTIAL

A

The difference in voltage between the surface of the diffuse layer surrounding a colloidal particle and the bulk liquid beyond.

358
Q

ZONING

A

The practice of dividing a building into small sections for heating and cooling control. Each section is selected so that one thermostat can be used to determine its

359
Q

SUCTION LIFT

A

A pumping condition where the eye of the impeller of the pump is above the surface of the water from which the pump is pumping.

360
Q

SUCTION LIFT

A

A pump condition where the eye of the impeller of the pump is below the surface of the water from which the pump is pumping.

361
Q

VANE

A

That portion of an impeller which throws the water toward the volute case.

362
Q

VELOCITY HEAD

A

The vertical distance a liquid must fall to acquire the velocity with which it flows through the piping system. For a given quantity of flow, the velocity head will vary

363
Q

VOLUTE

A

The spiral

Power Engineering Terms (5 decks)

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