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Power Engineering Terms > All Terms 2 > Flashcards

All Terms 2 Flashcards

1
Q

CONDENSATE

A

The liquid formed by condensation of a vapor. In steam heating, water condensed from steam

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2
Q

CONDENSATE POLISHER

A

A device used to clean the returning condensate to the boiler feedwater system.

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3
Q

CONDENSATE PUMP

A

Device to remove water condensate that collects beneath an evaporator.

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4
Q

CONDENSATION

A

Process of changing a vapor into liquid by extracting heat. Condensation of steam or water vapor is effected in either steam condensers or dehumidifying coils, and

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5
Q

CONDENSE

A

Action of changing a gas or vapor to a liquid.

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6
Q

CONDENSER

A

An apparatus used to transfer heat from a hot gas, simultaneously reducing that gas to a liquid.

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7
Q

CONDENSER TUBE

A

The heat transfer surface in a condenser.

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8
Q

CONDENSER

A

WATER SYSTEM

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9
Q

A re

A

circulating cooling water used as a heat transfer fluid for the condensation of a gas.

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10
Q

CONDENSING TEMPERATURE

A

The temperature at which the condensing gas is returned to a liquid at the same pressure.

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11
Q

CONDENSING UNIT

A

Part of a refrigerating mechanism which pumps vaporized refrigerant from the evaporator, compresses it, liquefies it in the condenser and returns it to the

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12
Q

CONDENSING UNIT SERVICE VALVES

A

Shutoff valves mounted on condensing unit to enable service technicians to install and/or service unit.

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13
Q

CONDENSING UNIT, REFRIGERANT

A

An assembly of refrigerating components designed to compress and liquefy a specific refrigerant, consisting of one or more refrigerant

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14
Q

CONDUCTANCE, ELECTRICAL

A

The reciprocal (opposite) of resistance and is the current carrying ability of any wire or electrical component. Resistance is the ability to oppose the

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15
Q

CONDUCTANCE, SURFACE FILM

A

Time rate of heat flow per unit area under steady conditions between a surface and a fluid for unit temperature difference between the surface and

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16
Q

CONDUCTION

A

Transfer of heat by direct contact.

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17
Q

CONDUCTIVITY (ELECTRICAL)

A

The ability of a liquid to conduct an electrical current and indicating the presence of cations and anions. Conductivity is usually expressed in

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18
Q

CONDUCTIVITY (THERMAL)

A

The time rate of heat flow through unit thickness of an infinite slab of homogeneous material in a direction perpendicular to the surface, induced by unit

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19
Q

CONDUCTIVITY METER

A

An electric instrument used to measure the conductivity of water to determine its content of dissolved solids.

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20
Q

CONDUCTIVITY, THERMAL

A

The time rate of heat flow through unit area and unit thickness of a homogeneous material under steady conditions when a unit temperature gradient is

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21
Q

CONDUCTOR

A

Substance or body capable of transmitting electricity or heat.

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22
Q

CONDUIT

A

A round cross

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23
Q

CONGEALER

A

Also known as freezer.

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24
Q

CONGRUENT PHOSPHATE CONTROL

A

Similar as a coordinated phosphate control but more restrictive where the equilibrium is based on maintaining a ratio of 2.6 Na/1.0 PO4, instead

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25
Q

CONNECTED LOAD

A

The sum of all loads on a circuit. (1) Connection in Parallel: System whereby flow is divided among two or more channels from a common starting point or header.

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26
Q

CONSTRICTOR

A

Tube or orifice used to restrict flow of a gas or a liquid.

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27
Q

CONTAMINATION

A

The introduction into water of microorganisms, chemicals, toxic materials, waste water in a concentration that makes the water unfit for its next intended use.

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28
Q

CONTROL

A

A device for regulation of a system or component in normal operation, manual or automatic. If automatic, the implication is that it is responsive to changes of pressure,

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29
Q

CONTROL POINT

A

The value of the controlled variable which the controller operates to maintain.

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30
Q

CONTROL VALVE

A

Valve which regulates the flow or pressure of a medium which affects a controlled process. Control valves are operated by remote signals from independent devices

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31
Q

CONTROLLED DEVICE

A

One which receives the converted signal from the transmission system and translates it into the appropriate action in the environmental system. For example: a

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32
Q

CONTROLLER

A

A device capable of measuring and regulating by receiving a signal from a sensing device, comparing this data with a desired value and issuing signals for corrective

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33
Q

CONVECTION

A

The movement of a mass of fluid (liquid or gas) caused by differences in density in different parts of the fluid

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34
Q

CONVECTION, FORCED

A

Convection resulting from forced circulation of a fluid, as by a fan, jet or pump.

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35
Q

CONVECTION, NATURAL

A

Circulation of gas or liquid (usually air or water) due to differences in density resulting from temperature changes.

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36
Q

CONVERGENT

A

DIVERGENT NOZZLE

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37
Q

COOLER

A

Heat exchanger which removes heat from a substance.

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38
Q

COOLING EFFECT, SENSIBLE

A

The difference between the total cooling effect and the dehumidifying effect, usually in watts.

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39
Q

COOLING EFFECT, TOTAL

A

Difference between the total enthalpy of the dry air and water vapor mixture entering the cooler per hour and the total enthalpy of the dry air and water

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40
Q

COOLING TOWER

A

Device for lowering the temperature of water by evaporative cooling, in which water is showered through a space through which outside air circulates. A portion of

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41
Q

COOLING, EVAPORATIVE

A

Involves the adiabatic exchange of heat between air and water spray or wetted surface. The water assumes the wet

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42
Q

COOLING, REGENERATIVE

A

Process of utilizing heat which must be rejected or absorbed in one part of the cycle to function usefully in another part of the cycle by heat transfer.

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43
Q

CORRATOR

A

A device or probe employed to measure current flow in a process flow. It consists of two identical electrodes, to which a small current is applied and measured, from which

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44
Q

CORROSION

A

The chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal, and its environment that produces a deterioration of the material and its properties.

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45
Q

CORROSION, ANODE

A

The dissolution of an metal acting as an anode.

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46
Q

CORROSION, ATMOSPHERIC

A

The gradual degradation or alteration of a material by contact with substances present in the atmosphere, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor,

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47
Q

CORROSION, BIOLOGICAL

A

Deterioration of metals as a result of the metabolic action of microorganisms. Also often named fouling.

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48
Q

CORROSION, CATHODIC

A

Corrosion resulting resulting from a cathodic condition of a structure usually caused by the reaction of an amphoteric metal with the alkaline products of

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49
Q

CORROSION, CAVITATION

A

A process involving conjoint corrosion and cavitation.

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50
Q

CORROSION, CONCENTRATION ATTACK

A

A form of corrosion caused by the concentration of caustic or phosphate salts under porous deposits, generally iron oxide. Sometimes

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51
Q

CORROSION, CONCENTRATION

A

CELL

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52
Q

CORROSION, COUPONS

A

Pre

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53
Q

CORROSION, CREVICE

A

Localized corrosion of a metal surface at, or immediately adjacent to an area that is shielded from full exposure to the environment because of close proximity

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54
Q

CORROSION, DEACTIVASION

A

The process of prior removal of the active corrosive constituents, usually oxygen, from a corrosive liquid by controlled corrosion of expendable metal

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55
Q

CORROSION, DEPOSIT (also called poultice corrosion)

A

Corrosion occuring under or around a discontinous deposit on a metallic surface.

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56
Q

CORROSION, EFFECT

A

A change in any part of the corrosion system caused by corrosion.

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57
Q

CORROSION, ELECTROCHEMICAL

A

Corrosion that is accompanied by a low of electrons between cathodic and anodic areas on metallic surfaces.

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58
Q

CORROSION, EMBRITTLEMENT

A

The severe loss of ductility of a metal resulting from corrosive attack, usually intergranular and often not visible.

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59
Q

CORROSION, EXTERNAL

A

A chemical deterioration of the metal on the fireside of boiler heating surfaces.

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60
Q

CORROSION, FATIGUE

A

The process in which a metal fractures prematurely under conditions of simultaneous corrosion and repeated cyclic loading at lower stress levels or fewer

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61
Q

CORROSION, FILIFORM

A

Corrosion that occurs under organic coatings on metals as fine wavy hairlines.

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62
Q

CORROSION, FRETTING

A

A type of corrosion which occurs where metals slide over each other. Long tubes in heat exchangers often vibrate, causing metal to metal contact, tube

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63
Q

CORROSION, GALVANIC

A

Corrosion of a metal caused by its contact with a metal of lower activity

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64
Q

CORROSION, GASEOUS

A

Corrosion with gas as the only corrosive agent and without any aqueous phase on the surface of the metal. Also called dry corrosion.

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65
Q

CORROSION, GENERAL

A

A form of deterioration that is distributed more or less uniformly over a surface.

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66
Q

CORROSION, GRAPHITIC

A

Corrosion of grey iron in which the iron matrix is selectively leached away, leaving a porous mass of graphite behind. This type of corrosion occurs in

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67
Q

CORROSION, HOT

A

An accelerated corrosion of metal surfaces that results from the combined effect of oxidation and ractions with sulfur compounds or other contminants such as

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68
Q

CORROSION, IMPINGEMENT

A

A form of erosion

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69
Q

CORROSION, INFLUENCED

A

The corrosion cause by organisms due to their discharge containing sulfur compounds and the depolarization with other types of discharge due to the

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70
Q

CORROSION, INHIBITORS

A

Substances that slow the rate of corrosion.

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71
Q

CORROSION, INTERCRYSTALINE

A

(see intergranular cracking)

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72
Q

CORROSION, INTERGRANULAR

A

Localized attack occurring on the metal grain boundaries. This is commonly found with stainless steels which have been improperly heat treated.

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73
Q

CORROSION, INTERNAL

A

Usually refers to the internal corrosion and is considered an electrochemical deterioration of the boiler surface at or below the water surface.

74
Q

CORROSION, LOCALIZED

A

Corrosion at discrete sites, for example, crevice corrosion, pitting, and stress

75
Q

CORROSION, LOCALIZED

A

Non

76
Q

uniform corrosion of a metal surface highlighted by spotty or pitting

A

type corrosion.

77
Q

CORROSION, MICROBIAL

A

(see biological corrosion).

78
Q

CORROSION, OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

A

A form of crevice corrosion in which galvanic corrosion proceeds because oxygen is prevented from diffusing into the crevice.

79
Q

CORROSION, POTENTIAL

A

The voltage between a corroding metal and a reference electrode.

80
Q

CORROSION, POULTICE

A

(see corrosion, deposit)

81
Q

CORROSION, POULTICE

A

A term used in the automotive industry to describe the corrosion of vehicle body parts due to the collection of road salts and debries on ledges and in

82
Q

CORROSION, PROTECTION

A

Modification of a corrosion system so that corrosion damage is mitigated.

83
Q

CORROSION, RESISTANCE

A

The ability of a material to resist deterioration by chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment.

84
Q

CORROSION, STRAY CURRENT

A

A form of attack caused by electrical currents going through unintentional path.

85
Q

CORROSION, STRESS

A

Preferential attack of areas under stress in a corrosive environment, where such a environment alone would not have caused corrosion.

86
Q

CORROSION, STRESS CORROSION CRACKING

A

Material deterioration due to cracking, by being under static stress either applied or residual.

87
Q

CORROSION, SWEET

A

The deterioration of metal caused by contact with carbon dioxide in water.

88
Q

CORROSION, THERMO

A

GALVANIC

89
Q

CORROSION, UNIFORM

A

The simplest form of corrosion. It attacks all surfaces exposed to a corrodent.

90
Q

CORROSIVE WEAR

A

A material deterioration due to the co

91
Q

CORROSIVITY

A

An indication of the corrosiveness of the water of material. The corrosivity of a water as described by the water’s pH, alkalinity, hardness, temperature, total dissolved

92
Q

COUNTER

A

FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

93
Q

COVALENT BOND

A

A bond in which two atoms share pair of electrons.

94
Q

CRANKSHAFT SEAL

A

Leak proof joint between crankshaft and compressor body.

95
Q

CRAZE CRACKING (OR CHECKING)

A

Irregular surface cracking of metal associated with thermal cycling.

96
Q

CREEP

A

Time dependent permanent strain under stress. This is used to rate the resistance of a material to plastic deformation under sustained load.

97
Q

CREEP STRENGTH

A

The constant nominal stress that will cause a specified quantity of creep in a given time at constant temperature. Creep strength is expressed as the stress

98
Q

CREEP, DYNAMIC

A

Creep that occurs under conditions of fluctuating load or fluctuating temperatures.

99
Q

CRISPER

A

Drawer or compartment in refrigerator designed to provide high humidity along with low temperature to keep vegetables, especially leafy vegetables

100
Q

CRITICAL HUMIDITY

A

The relative humidity above which the atmospheric corrosion rate of some metals increase sharply.

101
Q

CRITICAL POINT

A

A point at which the saturated liquid and saturated vapor states are identical. Also, the latent heat of evaporization is zero at this point.

102
Q

CRITICAL PRESSURE

A

The pressure at the critical temperature above which the fluid no longer has the properties of a liquid, regardless of further increase of pressure.

103
Q

CRITICAL TEMPERATURE

A

That temperature above which the vapor phase cannot be condensed to liquid by an increase in pressure.

104
Q

CRITICAL VELOCITY

A

The velocity above which fluid flow is turbulent.

105
Q

CRT

A

Cathode ray tube terminal.

106
Q

CRYOGENIC FLUID

A

Substance which exists as a liquid or gas at ultra

107
Q

low temperatures

A

157°C.

108
Q

CRYOGENIC SUPERCONDUCTOR SYSTEM

A

Uses helium to cool conductors to within few degrees of absolute zero where they offer no electric resistance.

109
Q

CRYOGENICS

A

Refrigeration which deals with producing temperatures of

110
Q

CRYSTALLITES

A

Atoms arranged in a repeating and definite structure.

111
Q

CRYSTALLIZATION

A

The separation, usually from a liquid phase on cooling, of a solid crystalline phase.

112
Q

CURRENT (I)

A

The electric flow in an electric circuit, which is expressed in amperes (amps).

113
Q

CURRENT DENSITY

A

The current flowing to or from a unit area of an electrode surface.

114
Q

CYCLE

A

A series of thermodynamic processes during which the working fluid can be made to undergo changes involving energy transition and is subsequently returned to its original

115
Q

CYCLE, REVERSIBLE

A

Theoretical thermodynamic cycle, composed of a series of reversible processes, which can be completely reversed.

116
Q

CYCLE, WATER TREATMENT

A

A complete course of ion

117
Q

CYCLES

A

A system that undergoes a series of processes and always returns to its initial state.

118
Q

CYCLES OF CONCENTRATION

A

The number of times the soluble mineral salts in a water supply have been concentrated in, a system.

119
Q

CYLINDER HEAD

A

Plate or cap which encloses compression end of compressor cylinder.

120
Q

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

A

Each constituent of a mixture of gases behaves thermodynamically as if it alone occupied the space. The sum of the individual pressures

121
Q

DAMPER

A

A device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, air inlet or duct.

122
Q

DASHPOT

A

A damping device, usually consisting of a cylinder and a piston in which relative motion of either displaces a fluid such as air or oil, resulting in friction.

123
Q

DEADBAND

A

In HVAC, a temperature range in which neither heating nor cooling is turned on

124
Q

DE

A

AERATING HEATERS

125
Q

DE

A

AERATION

126
Q

DE

A

AERATOR

127
Q

DE

A

ALKALIZATION

128
Q

DE

A

ALKALIZER

129
Q

DE

A

ALLOYING

130
Q

DEASHING

A

The removal from a solution of inorganic salts by means of adsorption by ion

131
Q

DE

A

CARBONATION

132
Q

DECIBEL (dB)

A

A decibel is a division of a logarithmic scale for expressing the ratio of two quantities proportional to power or energy. The number of decibels denoting such a ratio is

133
Q

DECONCENTRATOR

A

This is a cylindrical tank connected before the boiler to receive the boiler feedwater before entering the boiler. It is designed to promote settling of suspended

134
Q

DE

A

FLOCCULANT

135
Q

DEFROST CYCLE

A

Refrigerating cycle in which evaporator frost and ice accumulation is melted.

136
Q

DEFROST TIMER

A

Device connected into electrical circuit which shuts unit off long enough to permit ice and frost accumulation on evaporator to melt.

137
Q

DEFROSTING

A

Process of removing frost accumulation from evaporators.

138
Q

DEFROSTING CONTROL

A

Device to automatically defrost evaporator. It may operate by means of a clock, door cycling mechanism or during “off” portion of refrigerating cycle.

139
Q

DEFROSTING TYPE EVAPORATOR

A

Evaporator operating at such temperatures that ice and frost on surface melts during off part of operating cycle.

140
Q

DEGREE DAY

A

A unit, based upon temperature difference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and specifying nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any one day,

141
Q

DEGREES OF SUPERHEAT

A

The amount by which the temperature of a superheated vapor exceeds the temperature of the saturated vapor at the same pressure.

142
Q

DEHUMIDIFICATION

A

The condensation of water vapor from air by cooling below the dewpoint or removal of water vapor from air by chemical or physical methods.

143
Q

DEHUMIDIFIER

A

(1) An air cooler or washer used for lowering the moisture content of the air passing through it

144
Q

DEHUMIDIFYING

A

Removal of moisture from the air.

145
Q

DEHYDRATION

A

The removal of water vapor from air, stored goods or refrigerants.

146
Q

Deionization

A

Deionization, a more general term than deashing, embraces the removal of all charged constituents or ionizable salts (both inorganic and organic) from solution.

147
Q

DE

A

IONIZER

148
Q

DEMAND

A

The probable maximum rate of water flow as determined by the number of water supply fixture units.

149
Q

DEMAND CHARGE

A

That part of an electric bill based on kW demand and the demand interval, expressed in dollars per kilowatt. Demand charges offset construction and maintenance

150
Q

DEMAND CONTROL

A

A device which controls the kW demand level by shedding loads when the kW demand exceeds a predetermined set point.

151
Q

DEMAND INTERVAL

A

The period of time during which kW demand is monitored by a utility service, usually 15 or 30 minutes long.

152
Q

DEMAND LOAD

A

The actual amount of load on a circuit at any time. The sum of all the loads which are ON. Equal to the connected load minus the loads that are OFF.

153
Q

DEMAND READING

A

Highest or maximum demand for electricity an individual customer registers in a given interval, example, 15 minute interval. The metered demand reading sets the

154
Q

DEMINERALIZER

A

A process to remove dissolved matter from boiler pretreated water by contacting the water with ion

155
Q

DENSITY

A

The ratio of the mass of a specimen of a substance to the volume of the specimen. The mass of a unit volume of a substance. When weight can be used without confusion, as

156
Q

DENSITY, ABSOLUTE

A

Mass per unit volume of a solid material, expressed usually in kg/m3.

157
Q

DESALINATION

A

The removal of inorganic dissolved solids from water.

158
Q

DESICANT, LIQUID

A

A hygroscopic liquid, such as glycol, used to remove water from other fluids.

159
Q

DESICCANT

A

Any absorbent or adsorbent, liquid or solid, that will remove water or water vapor from a material. In a refrigeration circuit, the desiccant should be insoluble in the

160
Q

DESIGN PRESSURE

A

Highest or most severe pressure expected during operation. Sometimes used as the calculated operating pressure plus an allowance for safety.

161
Q

DESIGN PRESSURE

A

Highest or most severe pressure expected during operation. Sometimes used as the calculated operating pressure plus an allowance for safety.

162
Q

DESIGN WORKING PRESSURE

A

The maximum allowable working pressure for which a specific part of a system is designed.

163
Q

DESILICIZER

A

An apparatus or device used to remove silica from a water supply.

164
Q

DESSERT BAG

A

A canvas bag which permits seepage of its liquid. The liquid will evaporate and obtains the to evaporate partly from the content of the bag and thus cooling its content.

165
Q

DESSERT BAG

A

A canvas bag which permits seepage of its liquid. The liquid will evaporate and obtains the to evaporate partly from the content of the bag and thus cooling its content.

166
Q

DETERGENT ADDITIVE

A

In lubrication technology, a surface active additive that helps to keep solid particles suspended in an oil

167
Q

DETERGENT CLEANING

A

A boiler cleaning process using an alkaline solution, primarily to remove oil and grease.

168
Q

DETERGENT OIL

A

A heavy duty oil containing a detergent additive. These oils are mainly used in combustion engines.

169
Q

DETERGENT

A

DISPERSANT

170
Q

A compound mixture of cleaning agents that have both surface

A

active properties and suspending properties.

171
Q

DEW POINT

A

Temperature at which vapor (at 100 percent humidity) begins to condense and deposit as liquid.

172
Q

DEW POINT DEPRESSION

A

The difference between dry bulb and dew point temperatures.

173
Q

DEW POINT TEMPERATURE

A

The temperature at which condensation begins, if air is cooled at constant pressure.

174
Q

DIAPHRAGM

A

Flexible material usually made of thin metal, rubber or plastic.

175
Q

DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTRATION

A

Is a process in which a filter cake or precoat of diatomaceous earth is used as a filter medium.

176
Q

DIELECTRIC

A

A nonconductor of electricity.

177
Q

DIELECTRIC FITTING

A

A non conductive substance such as plastic that is placed between two dissimilar metals to prevent galvanic current flow.

178
Q

DIELECTRIC STRENGTH

A

A measure of the ability of a dielectric (insulator) to withstand a potential difference across it without electric discharge.

179
Q

DIFFERENTIAL

A

The temperature or pressure difference between cut

180
Q

in and cut

A

out temperature or pressure of a control.

181
Q

DIFFERENTIAL AERATION CELL

A

An electrolytic cell, the electomagnetic force of which is due to a difference in air (oxygen) concentration at one electrode as compared with that at

182
Q

DIFFERENTIAL SOLUTE CONCENTRATION

A

A potential difference between an anode and cathode on metal, because of a concentration cell due to dissolved metals.

Power Engineering Terms (5 decks)

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