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Power Engineering Terms > All Terms 4 > Flashcards

All Terms 4 Flashcards

1
Q

HYDRAULIC COUPLING

A

A fluid connection between a prime mover and the machine it drives. It uses the action of liquid moving against blades to drive the machine.

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2
Q

HYDRAULIC HEAD

A

The force exerted by a column of liquid expressed by the height of the liquid above the point at which the pressure is measured. Although head refers to a distance

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3
Q

HYDROCARBONS

A

Organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms in various combinations.

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4
Q

HYDROGEN CYCLE

A

A complete course of cation

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5
Q

HYDROGEN DAMAGE

A

A type of corrosion occurring beneath a relative dense deposit. This type of damage can only occur if hydrogen was present in the metal. Failure takes place at

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6
Q

HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING

A

Caused by the introduction of hydrogen during the welding process.

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7
Q

HYDROGEN ION

A

A portion of the molecule of water containing one atom of hydrogen which has a positive electric charge.

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8
Q

HYDROGEN

A

ION CONCENTRATION

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9
Q

HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

A

The cycle of water from evaporation through condensation to precipitation.

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10
Q

HYDROLYSIS

A

A chemical reaction between a mineral and water that results in dissolution of the mineral.

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11
Q

HYDROMETER

A

Floating instrument used to measure specific gravity of a liquid.

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12
Q

HYDRONIC SYSTEM

A

A re

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13
Q

HYDROPHILIC

A

Having an affinity for water.

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14
Q

HYDROSTATIC PRESURE

A

The pressure at any point in a liquid at rest

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15
Q

Hydroxyl

A

The term used to describe the anionic radical (OH

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16
Q

HYGROMETER

A

Instrument used to measure degree of moisture in the atmosphere.

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17
Q

HYGROSCOPIC

A

Ability of a substance to absorb and release moisture and change physical dimensions as its moisture content changes.

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18
Q

ICE CREAM CABINET

A

Commercial refrigerator which operates at approximately

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19
Q

18°C

A

used for storage of ice cream.

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20
Q

IGNITION QUALITY

A

The ability of a fuel to ignite when it is injected into the compressed

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21
Q

IMMISCIBLE

A

Not capable of mixing (as oil and water).

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22
Q

IMPEDANCE (Z)

A

The quantity in an AC circuit that is equivalent to resistance in a DC circuit, inasmuch as it relates current and voltage. It is composed of resistance plus a purely AC

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23
Q

IMPELLER

A

A rotating set of vanes designed to impart rotation to a mass of fluid.

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24
Q

IMPINGEMENT

A

High

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25
Q

INDUCTANCE

A

The process when a second conductor is placed next to a conductor carrying AC current (but not touching it), the ever

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26
Q

INDUCTION

A

The capture of part of the ambient air by the jet action of the primary air stream discharging from a controlled device.

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27
Q

INDUCTION HEATING

A

Heating by combined electrical resistance and hysteresis losses induced by subjecting a metal to varying magnetic field surrounding a coil carrying alternating

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28
Q

INDUCTIVE LOADS

A

Loads whose voltage and current are out

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29
Q

of

A

phase. True power consumption for inductive loads is calculated by multiplying its voltage, current, and the power

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30
Q

INDUCTOR

A

A fundamental element of electrical systems constructed of numerous turns of wire around a ferromagnetic or air core.

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31
Q

INERT GAS

A

A gas that does not readily enter into or cause chemical reactions.

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32
Q

INFILTRATION

A

Air flowing inward as through a wall, crack, etc.

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33
Q

INFLUENT

A

The solution which enters an ion

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34
Q

INHIBITOR

A

An additive used to retard undesirable chemical action in a product. It is added in small quantities to gasoline’s to prevent oxidation and gum formation, to lubricating oils

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35
Q

INORGANIC MATERIAL

A

Are substances not derived from living things.

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36
Q

INRUSH CURRENT

A

The current that flows the instant after the switch controlling current flow to a load is closed. Also called “locked rotor current”.

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37
Q

INSTANTANEOUS RATE

A

Method for determining when load shedding should occur. Actual energy usage is measured and compared to a present kilowatt level. If the actual kilowatt

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38
Q

INSULATION, THERMAL

A

Material which is a poor conductor of heat

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39
Q

INSULATOR

A

A material of such low electrical conductivity that a flow of current through it can usually be neglected. Similarly, a material of low thermal conductivity, such as that used

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40
Q

INTERCOOLED CYCLE

A

Refers to a gas turbine employing two compressors. The compressed air from the first compressor is cooled before being discharged to second compressor.

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41
Q

INTERCOOLING

A

Removal of heat from compressed gas between the compression stages.

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42
Q

INTERGRANULAR CRACKING

A

Cracking or fracturing that occurs between the grains or crystal in a polycrystalline aggregate. Also called intercrystalline cracking. Contrast with

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43
Q

INTERMITTENT BLOWDOWN

A

The blowdown is taken from the mud drum, waterwall headers or the lowest point of circulation.

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44
Q

INTERSTAGE DIFFERENTIAL

A

In a multistage HVAC system, the change in temperature at the thermostat needed to turn additional heating or cooling equipment on.

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45
Q

ION

A

An atom or radical in solution carrying an integral electric charge, either positive (cation) or negative (anion).

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46
Q

ION EXCHANGE

A

A reversible process by which ions are interchanged between solids and a liquid.

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47
Q

ION EXCHANGE RESIN

A

Cross linked polymers that form salts within ions from aqueous solutions.

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48
Q

IONIC STRENGTH

A

A measure of strength of a solution based on both the concentrations and valences of the ions present.

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49
Q

IONIZATION

A

The process of separation of a molecule into its electrically charged atoms or parts.

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50
Q

IRON

A

A metallic element found as an impurity in water in very small amounts. Also a metal which is widely used in the construction of HVAC and plumbing equipment

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51
Q

IRON BACTERIA

A

Are filementous organisms encountered in iron

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52
Q

ISENTROPIC PROCESS

A

A process carried out reversibly without energy interchange as heat. Also a processes carried out with no entropy change.

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53
Q

ISOBARIC OR ISOPIESTIC PROCESS

A

A process carried out at constant pressure.

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54
Q

ISOCHORIC PROCESS OR ISOMETRIC

A

A process during which the specific volume remains constant.

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55
Q

ISOMETRIC PROCESS

A

A process carried out at constant volume.////////////////////////////

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56
Q

ISOTHERMAL

A

Changes of volume or pressure under conditions of constant temperature.

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57
Q

ISOTHERMAL EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION

A

Action which takes place without a temperature change.

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58
Q

JET COMPRESSOR

A

A device employing a ventury tube so that a high pressure stream flowing through the nozzle creates a lower pressure or a vacuum into which the gas to be

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59
Q

compressed flows. The gas is discharged from the nozzle with the expanded high

A

pressure medium.

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60
Q

JOULE

A

English Scientist James Prescott Joule (1818

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61
Q

JOULE

A

The unit used to measure heat, work, and energy in the metric system. Its symbol is J. It is the amount of energy required to move an object of 1 kg mass to a height of 1 m. Also

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62
Q

called a newton

A

metre.

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63
Q

JOULE

A

THOMSON EFFECT

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64
Q

JOURNAL

A

That part of a shaft or axle that rotates relative to a radial bearing.

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65
Q

KATA THERMOMETER

A

Large

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66
Q

KELVIN SCALE (K)

A

Thermometer scale on which unit of measurement equals the Celsius degree and according to which absolute zero is 0 degree, the equivalent of

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67
Q

freezes at 273.16 K. and boils at 373.16 K. The relationship

A

TK = TC + 273.16

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68
Q

KEROSINE

A

a light, hydrocarbon fuel or solvent.

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69
Q

KILO CALORIE

A

This is the amount of heat (energy) necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C. (Kilo calorie = kcal)

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70
Q

KILO CALORIE

A

This is the amount of heat (energy) necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water 1°C. (Kilo calorie = kcal)

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71
Q

KILOGRAIN

A

A unit of weight

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72
Q

KILOVOLT AMPERE

A

Product of the voltage times the current. Different from kilowatts because of inductive loads in an electrical system. Abbreviated: kVA kilo watts is equal to KVA

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73
Q

KILOWATT

A

A metric unit of power equal to approximately 1.34 horsepower.

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74
Q

KILOWATT

A

HOUR

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75
Q

KINETIC ENERGY

A

The ability of an object to do work by virtue of its motion. (Water moving in a pipe has kinetic energy.) The energy terms that are usually used to describe the

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76
Q

KING VALVE

A

Liquid receiver (refrigeration only) service valve.

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77
Q

KIRCHOFF’S SECOND LAW

A

The law stating that, at each instant of time the increase of voltage around a close loop in a network is equal to the algebraic sum of the voltage drop.

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78
Q

KNOCK

A

In a spark ignition engine, uneven burning of the fuel/air charge that causes violent, explosive combustion and an audible metallic hammering noise. Knock results from

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79
Q

KRAFT PROCESS

A

A wood

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80
Q

pulping process in which sodium sulfate is used in the caustic soda pulp

A

digestion liquor. Also called Kraft pulping or sulfate pulping.

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81
Q

kW DEMAND

A

The maximum rate of electric power usage required to operate a facility during a period of time, usually a month or billing period. Often called “demand”.

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82
Q

kWh CONSUMPTION

A

The amount of electric energy used over a period of time

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83
Q

LAG

A

A delay in the effect of a changed condition at one point in the system, on some other condition to which it is related. Also, the delay in action of the sensing element of a control,

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84
Q

due to the time required for the sensing element to reach equilibrium with the property being controlled

A

i.e., temperature lag, flow lag, etc.

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85
Q

LAMINAR FLOW

A

A non

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86
Q

LANGELIER SATURATION INDEX

A

An index (SI) based upon the pH of saturation of calcium carbonate

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87
Q

scaling. A positive index indicates scaling tendencies

A

a negative one means corrosion tendencies. (Langlier Index = pH

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88
Q

LATENT HEAT

A

Change of enthalpy during a change of state, usually expressed in Btu per lb. With pure substances, latent heat is absorbed or rejected at constant pressure.

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89
Q

LATENT HEAT

A

Heat energy absorbed in process of changing form of substance (melting, vaporization, fusion) without change in temperature or pressure.

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90
Q

LATENT HEAT OF CONDENSATION

A

Amount of heat released (lost) by a pound of a substance to change its state from a vapor (gas) to a liquid.

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91
Q

LATENT HEAT OF FUSION

A

The heat required to change 1.0 kg of a substance from the solid to the liquid state.

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92
Q

LATENT HEAT OF VAPORIZATION

A

The energy required to produce saturated vapor from saturated liquid at constant pressure per unit mass of fluid.

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93
Q

LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE, DALTON’S

A

Each constituent of a mixture of gases behaves thermodynamically as if it alone occupied the space. The sum of the individual pressures

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94
Q

LEADING EDGE

A

Refers to the point where the steam enters the blade of an impulse turbine.

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95
Q

LEAK DETECTOR

A

Device or instrument such as a halide torch, an electronic sniffer

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96
Q

LEAKAGE

A

In water treatment, it refers to the passing of impure steam or boiler water through the drum internals.

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97
Q

LEAKAGE

A

In water treatment, the phenomenon in which some of the influent ions are not adsorbed and appear in the effluent when a solution is passed through an under regenerated

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98
Q

LIGHT CRUDE OIL

A

A crude oil of relatively high API gravity (usually 40°C degrees or higher).

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99
Q

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

A

A low current and voltage light used as an indicator on load management equipment. Abbreviated: LED.

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100
Q

LIME

A

A common water treatment chemical.

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101
Q

LIME

A

SODA SOFTENING

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102
Q

LINE VOLTAGE

A

In the control industry, the normal electric supply voltages, which are usually 120 or 240 volts.

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103
Q

LIQUEFACTION

A

The change of state from a gas to a liquid. (The term liquefaction is usually used instead of condensation when referring to substances which are in a gaseous state at

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104
Q

LIQUID

A

Substance whose molecules move freely among themselves, but do not tend to separate like those of gases.

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105
Q

LIQUID ABSORBENT

A

Chemical in liquid form which has the property to “take on” or absorb other fluids. Glycol is such a liquid and widely use in the petroleum chemical industry

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106
Q

LIQUID IMPINGEMENT

A

Material removal due to action of an impingement stream of a fluid.

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107
Q

LIQUID INDICATOR

A

Device located in liquid line which provides a glass window through which liquid flow may be watched.

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108
Q

LIQUID LINE

A

Tube which carries liquid refrigerant from the condenser or liquid receiver to the refrigerant control mechanism.

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109
Q

LIQUID LINE CHARGING VALVE

A

The line used for charging from the high side of the refrigeration system.

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110
Q

LIQUID NITROGEN

A

Nitrogen in liquid form which is used as a low temperature refrigerant in expendable or chemical refrigerating systems.

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111
Q

LIQUID PENETRANT INSPECTION

A

A type of nondestructive inspection that locates discontinuities that are open to the surface of a metal by first allowing a penetrating dye or

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112
Q

LIQUID RECEIVER

A

Cylinder (container) connected to condenser outlet for storage of liquid refrigerant in a system.

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113
Q

LIQUID RECEIVER SERVICE VALVE

A

Two or three

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114
Q

LIQUID

A

VAPOR VALVE REFRIGERANT CYLINDER

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115
Q

LIQUOR

A

Solution used in absorption refrigeration.

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116
Q

LITHIUM BROMIDE

A

A chemical used in combination with water in absorption cooling systems.

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117
Q

LOAD

A

The amount of heat per unit time imposed on a refrigeration system or the required rate of heat removal.

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118
Q

LOAD (AIR CONDITIONING)

A

The amount of heat per unit time imposed on a refrigeration system or the required rate of heat removal.

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119
Q

LOAD TURBINE (GAS)

A

Is the turbine which is directly coupled to the load, which can only be the case with a multishaft gas turbine arrangement.

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120
Q

LOCKED ROTOR CURRENT

A

See “Inrush Current”.

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121
Q

LONGITUDINAL SEAM

A

A riveted or welded seam along the longitudinal axis of a boiler shell or drum.

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122
Q

LOW SIDE

A

The refrigerating system from the expansion point to the point where the refrigerant vapor is compressed

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123
Q

LOW TEMPERATURE CUTOUT, REFRIGERATON

A

A pressure or temperature actuated device with sensing element in the evaporator, which will shut the system down at its control

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124
Q

LOW VOLTAGE

A

In the control industry, a power supply of 25 volts or less.

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125
Q

LOW

A

SIDE FLOAT VALVE

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126
Q

Refrigerant control valve operated by level of liquid refrigerant in low

A

pressure side of system.

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127
Q

LOW

A

SIDE PRESSURE

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128
Q

LOW

A

SIDE PRESSURE CONTROL

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129
Q

LUBRICANT

A

A substance

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130
Q

LUBRICANT, BONDED FILM

A

(see lubricant, bonded solid).

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131
Q

LUBRICANT, BONDED SOLID

A

A solid lubricant dispersed in a continuous matrix of a binder or attached to a surface by an adhesive material.

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132
Q

LUBRICANT, CHLORINATED

A

A lubricant containing a chlorine compound that reacts with a rubbing surface at elevated temperatures to protect it from sliding damage, (see extreme

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133
Q

LUBRICANT, SYNTHETIC

A

A lubricant produced by synthesis rather than by extraction or refinement.

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134
Q

LUBRICATION, AERODYNAMIC

A

(see gas lubrication).

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135
Q

LUBRICATION, AEROSTATICS

A

(see pressurized gas lubrication).

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136
Q

LUBRICATION, BATH

A

(see lubrication, flood).

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137
Q

LUBRICATION, BOUNDARY

A

A condition of lubrication in which the friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion are determined by the properties of the surfaces and by

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138
Q

LUBRICATION, DRIP FEED

A

A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is supplied to the bearing surface in the form of drops at regular intervals.

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139
Q

LUBRICATION, DRY FILM

A

Lubrication that involves the application of a thin film of solid lubricant to the surface or surfaces to be lubricated.

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140
Q

LUBRICATION, FLOOD

A

A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is supplied in a continuos stream at low pressure and subsequently drains away.

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141
Q

LUBRICATION, FULL FILM

A

A type of lubrication wherein the solid surfaces are separated completely by an elstohydrodynamic fluid film.

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142
Q

LUBRICATION, MELT

A

Lubrication provided by steady melting of lubricating species. Also phase

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143
Q

LUBRICATION, MIST

A

Lubrication by an oil mist produced by injecting oil into a gas stream.

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144
Q

LUBRICATION, OIL FOG

A

(see mist lubrication).

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145
Q

LUBRICATION, OIL RING

A

A system of lubrication for horizontal shafts. A ring of larger diameter rotates with the shaft and collects oils from a container beneath.

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146
Q

LUBRICATION, PAD

A

A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is delivered to a bearing surface by a pad of felt or similar material.

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147
Q

LUBRICATION, PRESSURIZED GAS

A

A system of lubrication in which a gaseous lubricant is supplied under sufficient external pressure to separate the opposing surfaces by a gas

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148
Q

LUBRICATION, SOLID

A

FILM

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149
Q

LUBRICATION, SPLASH

A

A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is splashed onto the moving parts.

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150
Q

LUBRICATION, THICK FILM

A

(also known as flood lubrication).

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151
Q

LUBRICATION, THIN FILM

A

(also known as boundary lubrication).

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152
Q

LUBRICATION, VAPOR

A

PHASE

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153
Q

LUBRICATION, WASTE

A

A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is delivered to a bearing surface by cloth waste or yarn.

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154
Q

LUBRICATION, WICK

A

A system of lubrication in which the lubricant is delivered to a bearing surface by means of a wick.

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155
Q

LUBRICITY

A

The ability of a lubricant to reduce wear and friction, other than by its pure viscous properties.

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156
Q

MAGNESIUM

A

A scale forming element found in some boiler feed water.

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157
Q

MAGNETIC FIELD

A

The region within which a body or current experiences magnetic force.

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158
Q

MAGNETIC FLUX

A

The rate of flow of magnetic energy across or through a surface.

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159
Q

MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE (Fe3O2)

A

Partially oxidized iron.

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160
Q

MAGNETIC PARTICLE INSPECTION

A

A nondestructive method of inspection for determining the extent of surface cracks and similar imperfection in ferromagnetic materials.

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161
Q

MAGNETIC POLE

A

The area on a magnetized part at which the magnetic field leaves or enters the part. It is the point of maximum attraction in a magnet.

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162
Q

MAGNETIC REFRIGERATION

A

Where very low temperatures are obtained by using paramagnetic salts with magnets.

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163
Q

MAKEUP WATER

A

Water fed to a system to replace that which is lost

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164
Q

for example, water fed to a boiler to replace that lost as steam or condensate

A

water fed to a cooling tower to

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165
Q

MALLEABILITY

A

The characteristic of metals that permits plastic deformation in compression without fracture.

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166
Q

MANGANESE

A

A metallic element occasionally found in very small amounts as an impurity in well

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167
Q

MANIFOLD, SERVICE

A

Chamber equipped with gauges and manual valves, used by service technicians to service refrigerating systems.

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168
Q

MANIFOLDING

A

A method of circulating the refrigerant through separate rows of tubes and mostly used with direct

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169
Q

MANOMETER

A

A device to measure small to moderate pressure differentials. Device is general constructed from glass or plastic tubes filled with water, oil, alcohol or other suitable

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170
Q

MANOMETER

A

An instrument for measuring pressures: especially a U

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171
Q

MANUAL FROST CONTROL

A

Manual control used to change operation of refrigerating system to produce defrosting conditions.

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172
Q

MASS

A

The quantity of matter in a body as measured by the ratio of the force required to produce a given acceleration, to the acceleration.

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173
Q

MASTER (CENTRAL) CONTROL

A

Control of all outlets from one point.

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174
Q

MCM

A

Thousand circular mill used to describe large wire sizes.

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175
Q

MECHANICAL SEALS

A

A mechanical device used to control leakage from the stuffing box of a pump. Mechanical seals are usually made of two flat surfaces, one of which rotates on a

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176
Q

MECHANICAL WEAR

A

Removal of material due to mechanical process under conditions of sliding, rolling, or repeated impact. Included are abrasive wear, fatigue wear and adhesive

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177
Q

MELTING POINT

A

For a given pressure, the temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of the substance are in equilibrium.

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178
Q

MELTING POINT

A

Temperature at atmospheric pressure at which a substance will melt.

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179
Q

MEMBRANE

A

A barrier, usually thin, that permits the passage only of particles up to a certain size or of special nature.

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180
Q

MEMBRANE

A

A thin sheet or layer.

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181
Q

MERCAPTAN

A

A compound chemically similar to alcohol, with sulfur replacing the oxygen in the chemical structure. Many mercaptans have an offensive odor and are used as

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182
Q

METALLURGICAL FACTOR

A

The condition of the metal, such as inclusions, chemical segregation’s, cold work and others, which have an impact upon the rate of electrochemical

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183
Q

MICA

A

A silicate material used with high pressure gauge glasses on boilers.

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184
Q

MICROBAR

A

A unit of pressure equal to 1 dyne/cm2 (one millionth of the pressure of the atmosphere).

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185
Q

MICROFILTRATION

A

A membrane filtration process, which forces water through a porous barrier. Pores are usually between 0.1 to 20 m m, when used for water purification. For filtering

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186
Q

Micron

A

A unit of length, the thousandth part of 1 mm of the millionth of a meter.

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187
Q

Microprocessor

A

A small computer used in load management to analyze energy demand and consumption such that loads are turned on and off according to a predetermined program.

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188
Q

MILD STEEL

A

A low

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189
Q

MILL SCALE

A

A natural black iron oxide coating loosely adhering to the interior of new piping or tubes.

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190
Q

MINERAL

A

A naturally occurring inorganic substance having specified chemical composition and crystalline structure.

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191
Q

MISCIBILITY

A

The ability of two liquids, not mutually soluble, to mix.

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192
Q

MIX BED DEMINERALIZER

A

Having a mixture of cation and anion exchange resin in the same housing.

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193
Q

MIXTURE

A

A physical blend of two or more substances.

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194
Q

MODULATING

A

Type of device or control which tends to adjust by increments (minute changes) rather than by either “full on” or “full off” operation.

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195
Q

MODULATING CONTROL

A

A mode of automatic control in which the action of the final control element is proportional to the deviation, from set point, of the controlled medium.

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196
Q

MODULATING REFRIGERATION CYCLE

A

Refrigerating system of variable capacity.

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197
Q

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY (E)

A

The measure of rigidity or stiffness of a material.

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198
Q

MOISTURE INDICATOR

A

Instrument used to measure moisture content of a refrigerant.

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199
Q

MOLLIER DIAGRAM

A

An enthalpy

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200
Q

entropy or enthalpy

A

pressure chart showing the thermodynamic properties of a fluid.

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201
Q

MONOMER

A

A molecule, usually an organic compound, having the ability to join with a number of identical molecules to form a polymer.

202
Q

MOTOER CONTROL CENTER

A

A single metal enclosed assembly containing a number of motor controllers and possibly other devices such as switches and control devices.

203
Q

MUD DRUM

A

A pressure chamber of a drum or header type located at the lower extremity of a water tube boiler and fitted with blowoff valve.

204
Q

MULLION HEATER

A

Electrical heating element mounted in the mullion. Used to keep mullion from sweating or frosting.

205
Q

MULTIPLE STAGE COMPRESSOR

A

Compressor having two or more compressive steps. Discharge from each step is the intake pressure of the next in series.

206
Q

MULTIPLE SYSTEM

A

Refrigerating mechanism in which several evaporators are connected to one condensing unit.

207
Q

MULTI

A

SHAT GAS TURBINE

208
Q

MULTISTAGE COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

A

Where the refrigerant is vaporized and condensed alternately and is compressed in the vapor phase.

209
Q

MULTISTAGE THERMOSTAT

A

A thermostat which controls auxiliary equipment for heating or cooling in response to a greater demand for heating or cooling.

210
Q

NAPHTA

A

A volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon distilled from petroleum and used as a solvent or fuel.

211
Q

NATURAL CIRCULATION

A

The circulation of a boiler caused by differences in density. Also referred as thermal or thermally induced circulation.

212
Q

NATURAL CONVECTION

A

Movement of a fluid caused only by temperature differences (density changes).

213
Q

NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWER

A

Cools water by moving air at low velocities.

214
Q

NATURAL GAS

A

A highly compressible, highly expandable mixture of hydrocarbons having a low specific gravity and occurring naturally in gaseous form. Besides hydrocarbon gases,

215
Q

NATURALLY ASPIRATED

A

A term used to describe a diesel engine in which air flows into the engine by means of atmospheric pressure only.

216
Q

NC

A

Normally closed contacts of a relay.

217
Q

NEGATIVE CHARGE

A

The electrical potential which an atom acquires when it gains one or more electrons

218
Q

NET POSITIVE SUCTION

A

The difference between total pressure and vapor pressure in a fluid flow, expressed in terms of equivalent height or “head”.

219
Q

NEUTRAL

A

The circuit conductor that is normally grounded or at zero voltage difference to the ground.

220
Q

NEUTRALIZATION NUMBER

A

An ASTM number given to quenching oils that reflect the oil’s tendency toward oxidation and sludging.

221
Q

NEUTRALIZER

A

A substance that will combine with an acid or alkali chemically, thus removing the acidity or alkalinity.

222
Q

NEUTRALIZING AMINES

A

Are amines used to neutralize the acid generated by the dissolution of carbon dioxide.

223
Q

NEWTON

A

The unit of force in the metric system. A newton is the force required to accelerate an object of 1 kilogram mass to a velocity of 1 meter per second in 1 second.

224
Q

NIPPLE

A

A short, threaded tubular coupling, used for making connections between pipe joints.

225
Q

NITROGEN BLANKETING

A

Used with wet standby, where the space above the water level is filled with nitrogen at about 5 to 10 psig in order to keep the oxygen out.

226
Q

NITROGEN DIOXIDE

A

Mildly poisonous gas (NO2) often found in smog or automobile exhaust

227
Q

NO

A

Normally open contacts of a relay.

228
Q

NOBEL METAL

A

A chemically inactive metal, such as gold.

229
Q

NO

A

FROST FREEZER

230
Q

Low

A

temperature refrigerator cabinet in which no frost or ice collects on freezer surfaces or materials stored in cabinet.

231
Q

NOISE

A

Any undesired sounds, usually of different frequencies, resulting in an objectionable or irritating sensation.

232
Q

NOMINAL SIZE

A

A designated size that may be different from the actual size.

233
Q

NOMINAL SIZE TUBING

A

Tubing measurement which has an inside diameter the same as iron pipe of the same stated size.

234
Q

NON

A

CARBONATED HARDNESS

235
Q

NON

A

CODE INSTALLATION

236
Q

NON

A

CONDENSABLES

237
Q

NON

A

DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION (NDI)

238
Q

NON

A

FERROUS ALLOY

239
Q

NON

A

FROSTING EVAPORATOR

240
Q

NON

A

MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION

241
Q

NON

A

REACTIVE SILICA

242
Q

Is a polymeric form of silica

A

thermally unstable which reverts to normal silica when heated. Difficult to detect, but may be present when boiler feedwater

243
Q

NORMAL CARRYOVER

A

Refers to the carryover which occurs in any boiler operating under the best conditions.

244
Q

NORMAL CHARGE

A

Thermal element charge which is part liquid and part gas under all operating conditions.

245
Q

NORMALLY OPEN

A

(OR NORMALYCLOSED) The position of a valve, damper, relay contacts, or switch when external power or pressure is not being applied to the device. Valves

246
Q

NTU

A

Nephelometric turbidity unit. A light

247
Q

NUCLEATE BOILING

A

The even boiling of water in which steam bubbles are formed within the boiler water gradually and are evenly distributed rather than being suddenly formed and

248
Q

OCCLUSION

A

An absorption process by which one solid material adheres strongly to another, sometimes occurring by coprecipitation.

249
Q

OCTANE RATING

A

A classification of gasoline according to its antiknock qualities. The higher the octane number or rating, the greater are the antiknock qualities of the gasoline.

250
Q

OCTYL ALCOHOL

A

ETHYL HEXANOL

251
Q

OFFSET

A

Term used to describe the difference between the set point and the actual operating or control point.

252
Q

OHM

A

The unit of electrical resistance equal to the resistance through which a current of 1 ampere will flow when there is potential difference of one volt across it.

253
Q

OHM’S LAW

A

The relationship between current and voltage in a circuit. It states that current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. Expressed algebraically,

254
Q

in DC circuits I=E/R

A

in AC circuits I=E/Z.

255
Q

OIL

A

A liquid of vegetable, animal, mineral, or synthetic origin that feels slippery to the touch.

256
Q

OIL BINDING

A

Condition in which an oil layer on top of refrigerant liquid may prevent if from evaporating at its normal pressure temperature.

257
Q

OIL GROOVE

A

A channel or channels in a bearing to improve oil flow through the bearing.

258
Q

OIL RING LUBRICATION

A

A system of lubrication for horizontal shafts. A ring of larger diameter rotates with the shaft and collects oils from a container below.

259
Q

OIL SEPARATOR

A

Device used to remove oil from gaseous refrigerant or steam.

260
Q

OIL, MINERAL

A

A refined hydrocarbon oil without animal or vegetable additives.

261
Q

OIL, MULTIGRADE

A

An oil having relative little change in viscosity over a specified temperature range.

262
Q

OIL, NEUTRAL

A

A lubricating oil obtained by distillation, not treated with acid or with alkali.

263
Q

OIL, TURBINE

A

An oil used to lubricate bearings in a steam or gas turbine.

264
Q

ONCE

A

THROUGH BOILER

265
Q

A steam generating unit usually operated above the critical pressure in which there is no re

A

circulation of the working fluid in any part of the unit.

266
Q

ON

A

OFF CONTROL

267
Q

OPEN CIRCUIT

A

The absence of a direct connection between two points in an electrical network.

268
Q

OPEN CYCLE

A

A gas turbine arrangement, in were the exhaust gases from the turbine are exhausted to the atmosphere without any further treatment.

269
Q

OPEN RE

A

CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM

270
Q

A system, using continuously circulated water as a heat

A

transfer medium, in which the water is exposed at one point to the atmosphere for

271
Q

OPERATING POINT

A

The value of the controlled condition at which the controller actually operates. Also called control point.

272
Q

OPERATING PRESSURE

A

Actual pressure at which the system works under normal conditions. This pressure may be positive or negative (vacuum).

273
Q

ORGANIC GROWTH

A

A substance resulting from the growth of biological organisms such as fungi, algae, and slime bacteria.

274
Q

ORGANIC MATERIAL

A

Contain carbon and usually hydrogen and are derived from living things.

275
Q

ORGANIC OXYGEN SCAVENGERS

A

These are organic compounds such as hydroquinone and ascorbate to remove dissolved oxygen from the boiler feedwater and condensate.

276
Q

ORIFICE

A

Accurate size opening for controlling fluid flow.

277
Q

ORSAT ANALYZER

A

A furnace atmosphere analysis device in which gases are absorbed selectively (volumetric basis) by passing them through a series of pre

278
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

279
Q

OSMOSIS

A

The passage of water through permeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentration

280
Q

OUTSIDE AIR OPENING (HVAC)

A

Any opening used as an entry for air from outdoors.

281
Q

OVERCURRENT DEVICE

A

A device such as a fuse or a circuit breaker designed to protect a circuit against excessive current by opening the circuit.

282
Q

OVERFLOW PIPE

A

A pipe installed at a top of a tank to enable the liquid within to be discharged to another vessel when the tank is filled to capacity.

283
Q

OVERLOAD

A

A condition of excess current

284
Q

OVERRIDE

A

A manual or automatic action taken to by pass the normal operation of a device or system

285
Q

OXIDATION

A

The reaction of an element or substance with oxygen, e.g., iron is oxidized by reaction with oxygen to form rust (iron oxide).

286
Q

OXIDIZING AGENT

A

Any substance such as oxygen, or chlorine, that will readily add (take on) electrons.

287
Q

OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE

A

A furnace atmosphere with an oversupply of oxygen that tends to oxidize materials placed in it.

288
Q

OXIDIZING BIOCIDE

A

An agent, such as chlorine, which will kill bacteria by the chemical process of oxidation.

289
Q

OXYACETYLENE WELDING

A

An oxyfuel gas welding process in which the fuel gas is acetylene.

290
Q

OXYGEN CONCENTRATION CELL

A

(see differential aeration cell).

291
Q

OXYGEN CONCENTRATION CELL

A

The surface area in contact with the media of higher oxygen concentration becomes the cathodic area, and the area with the lower oxygen

292
Q

OXYGEN PITTING

A

Damage caused due to the presence of oxygen in the feedwater. Damage results are small pit

293
Q

OXYGEN SCAVENGER

A

A substance that will absorb oxygen by chemical reaction.

294
Q

OZONE

A

Triatomic oxygen (03). Sometimes used in cold storage or air conditioning installations as an odor eliminator. Can be toxic in certain concentrations.

295
Q

PACKAGE UNITS, (REFRIGERATION)

A

Complete refrigerating system including compressor, condenser and evaporator located in the refrigerated space.

296
Q

PACKED COLUMN

A

A tower filled with small objects, designed to obtain large surfaces per volume between rising vapors and a descending liquid.

297
Q

PACKING

A

Material made usually of woven animal, plant, mineral or metal fiber and some type of lubricant, placed in rings around the shaft of a pump and used to control leakage from

298
Q

PACKING

A

The fill in a confined space in a stripping vessel, ranging from simple shaped units such as rocks or slats to complex shapes that provide large surface area per unit volume.

299
Q

PACKING GLAND

A

The metal part that compresses and holds packing in place in a stuffing box.

300
Q

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

A

One where all the elements are connected across the voltage source. Therefore, the voltage on each element is the same but the current through each may be

301
Q

PARTIAL PRESSURES

A

Condition where two or more gases occupy a space and each one creates part of the total pressure.

302
Q

PASCAL

A

The accepted metric unit of measurement or pressure and stress component in the measurement of viscosity. A Pascal is equal to a force of 1 Newton acting an area of 1

303
Q

PASCAL’S LAW

A

Pressure imposed upon a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.

304
Q

PASSIVATING (ANODIC) INHIBITORS

A

A material capable of forming a protective oxide film on metal surfaces.

305
Q

PASSIVATION

A

The process of rendering a metal surface chemically inactive, either by electrochemical polarization or by contact with a passivating agent.

306
Q

PASSIVATOR

A

A type of corrosion inhibitor that appreciably changes the potential of a metal to a more noble (positive) value.

307
Q

PASSIVATOR

A

A type of corrosion inhibitor that appreciably changes the potential of a metal to a more positive value.

308
Q

PASSIVE

A

ACTIVE CELL

309
Q

PASSIVITY

A

A condition on metal surfaces that inhibits electrochemical action between the metal and its environment, such as with boiler water.

310
Q

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

A

Disease

311
Q

PEAK DEMAND

A

The greatest amount of kilowatts needed during a demand interval.

312
Q

PEAK LOAD PRICING

A

A pricing principle that charges more for purchases that contribute to the peak demand and, thereby, cause the expansion of productive capacity when the peak

313
Q

utility or on or near the daily peak of the utility. The latter requires special meters

A

the former does not.

314
Q

PEAKING LOAD

A

Is the electrical load drawn on the system during high power usage. Usually on very hot or cold days or during the supper hour.

315
Q

PELTIER EFFECT

A

When direct current is passed through two adjacent metals one junction will become cooler and the other will become warmer. This principle is the basis of

316
Q

PERFECT GAS

A

A hypothetical gas obeying the relation pv = RT.

317
Q

PERMANENT GASES

A

Cryogenic refrigerants.

318
Q

PERMEABILITY

A

The ability of a body to pass fluid under pressure.

319
Q

PETROLEUM OIL

A

(see mineral oils).

320
Q

pH

A

The negative logarithm of the hydrogen

321
Q

ion concentration of a solution

A

simply a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a water solution. (pH 1 very acidic

322
Q

pH OF SATURATION (pHs)

A

The pH at which a sample of water is saturated with a specific salt

323
Q

PHASE

A

Part of an AC voltage cycle. Residential electrical service is 2

324
Q

phase

A

commercial facilities are usually 3

325
Q

PHIAL

A

Term sometimes used to denote the sensing element on a thermostatic expansion valve.

326
Q

PHOSPHATE

A

An ion, compound, or salt containing phosphorus and oxygen, such as sodium phosphate (Na3P04).

327
Q

PHOSPHATE TREATMENT

A

An internal boiler water treatment method to reduce calcium in the boiler with low hardness feedwater.

328
Q

PHYSICAL STABILITY

A

The quality which an ion

329
Q

PHYSICAL WATER TREATMENT

A

Refers to the treatment of removing dissolved gases from the boiler feedwater, using steam.

330
Q

PIG IRON

A

High

331
Q

PILOT DUTY RELAY

A

A relay used for switching loads such as another relay or solenoid valve coils. The pilot duty relay contacts are located in a second control circuit. Pilot duty

332
Q

relays are rated in volt

A

amperes (VA).

333
Q

PIPE SCALE

A

Rust or mill scale found on the interior of water pipe.

334
Q

PIT

A

Corrosion localized in a small spot.

335
Q

PITOTE TUBE

A

An open ended tube arrangement to face against the current of a stream of fluid

336
Q

PITS

A

Petroleum Industry Training Service. (Canada)

337
Q

PITTING

A

Localized corrosion of a metal characterized by small blisters under which holes have perforated the metal.

338
Q

PLASTICITY

A

The ability of a substance to be deformed without rupturing.

339
Q

PLENUM CHAMBeR

A

An air compartment connected to one or more distributing ducts.

340
Q

PLENUM CHAMBER

A

Chamber or container for moving air or other gas under a slight positive pressure.

341
Q

PNEUMATIC

A

Operated by air pressure.

342
Q

PNEUMATIC

A

ELECTRIC (PE) SWITCHES

343
Q

pOH

A

An expression of the alkalinity of a solution

344
Q

the negative logarithm of the hydroxyl

A

ion concentration.

345
Q

POINT, CRITICAL

A

Of a substance, state point at which liquid and vapor have identical properties

346
Q

POLARITY

A

The direction of current flow in a DC circuit. By convention, current flows from plus to minus. Electron flow is actually in the opposite direction.

347
Q

POLARIZE

A

In corrosion, to develop a barrier on the anodic or cathodic surface, disrupting the corrosion process.

348
Q

POLE

A

An electrical connection point. In a panel, the point of connection. On a device, the terminal that connects to the power.

349
Q

POLYELECTROLYTE

A

A water

350
Q

POLYMER

A

A chemical compound formed by the adjoining of many molecules of the same characteristics

351
Q

POLYMERIC DISPERSANT

A

A water

352
Q

soluble polymer that acts as a suspending agent

A

that is, it promotes suspension of particles in water so that they resist settling.

353
Q

POLYPHOSPHATE

A

A chemical compound formed by the adjoining of phosphate ions, hence a polymer of phosphate.

354
Q

POLYTHROPIC PROCESS

A

A nonadiabatic reversible process characterized by the equation of path, pv = constant.

355
Q

POROUS VASE

A

A vase having a porous construction, which was used to cool its content.

356
Q

POSITIVE CHARGE

A

The electrical potential acquired by an atom which has lost one or more electrons

357
Q

POTENTIAL ENERGY

A

The energy, that a body has by virtue of its position or state, enabling it to do work. (Water in a reservoir has potential energy by virtue of its elevation above

358
Q

POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER

A

A voltage transformer. The voltage supplied to a primary coil induces a voltage in a secondary coil according, to the ratio of the wire windings in each

359
Q

POTENTIOMETER

A

An electromechanical device having a terminal connected to each and to the resistive element, and a third terminal connected to the wiper contact. The electrical

360
Q

POUR POINT

A

The lowest temperature at which a lubricant can be observed to flow under specified conditions. For oil, the pour point is a temperature

361
Q

POUR

A

POINT DEPRESSANT

362
Q

POWER (P)

A

Expressed in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW), and is equal to:

363
Q

POWER ELEMENT

A

Sensitive element of a temperature

364
Q

POWER FACTOR (pf)

A

A quantity that relates the volt amperes of an AC circuit to the wattage (power = volt

365
Q

POWER FACTOR CHARGE

A

A utility charge for “poor” power factor. It is more expensive to provide power to a facility with a poor power factor (usually less than 0.8).

366
Q

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

A

Installing capacitors on the utility service’s supply line to improve the power factor of the building.

367
Q

ppb

A

equals 0.001 ppm. (Parts per billion)

368
Q

PRECIPITATE

A

An insoluble reaction product

369
Q

PRECIPITATING (CATHODIC) INHIBITORS

A

The are chemicals which form insoluble precipitates that are able to coat and protect surfaces. They are less durable then the passivating

370
Q

PRECIPITATION

A

A process whereby salts drop or come out of a water solution.

371
Q

PRECISION PHOSPHATE TREATMENT

A

A phosphate treatment based upon maintaining 2 to 4 ppm of phosphate and 15 to 50 ppm of hydrate alkalinity in the boiler.

372
Q

PREDICTING METHOD

A

A method for determining when load shedding should occur. A formula is used to arrive at a preset kilowatt limit. Then the actual amount of energy

373
Q

PREIGNITION

A

A condition in an internal combustion engine characterized by a knocking sound and caused by the fuel

374
Q

PRESSURE

A

The normal force exerted by a homogeneous liquid or gas, per unit of area, on the wall of its container.

375
Q

PRESSURE DROP

A

Pressure loss in fluid pressure, as from one end of a duct or pipe to the other, due to friction, dynamic losses, and changes in velocity pressure.

376
Q

PRESSURE GAUGE

A

Instrument for measuring the pressure exerted by the contents on its container.

377
Q

PRESSURE HEAD

A

The height to which liquid can be raised by a given pressure (sometimes referred to as pump head).

378
Q

PRESSURE MOTOR CONTROL

A

Device which opens and closes an electrical circuit as pressures change.

379
Q

PRESSURE OPERATED THERMOMETER

A

Temperature indicator which is controlled by bellows, a capillary or remote sensitive bulb.

380
Q

PRESSURE REGULATOR, SUCTION (REFRI

A

GERATION COMPRESSORS)

381
Q

PRESSURE SWITCH

A

Switch operated by a rise or drop in pressure.

382
Q

PRESSURE VELOCITY

A

In moving fluid, the pressure capable of causing an equivalent velocity, if applied to move the same fluid through an orifice such that all pressure energy

383
Q

PRESSURE, ABSOLUTE

A

Pressure referred to that of a perfect vacuum. It is the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure.

384
Q

PRESSURE, ATMOSPHERIC

A

It is the pressure indicated by a barometer. Standard atmosphere is the pressure equivalent/////////

385
Q

PRESSURE, CRITICAL

A

Vapor pressure corresponding to the substance’s critical state at which the liquid and vapor have identical properties.

386
Q

PRESSURE, GAGE

A

Gauge: Pressure above atmospheric.

387
Q

PRESSURE, HYDROSTATIC

A

The normal force per unit area that would be exerted by a moving fluid on an infinitesimally small body immersed in it if the body were carried along with

388
Q

PRESSURE, OPERATING

A

Pressure at which a system is operating.

389
Q

PRESSURE, PARTIAL

A

Portion of total gas pressure of a mixture attributable to one component.

390
Q

PRESSURE, SATURATION

A

The saturation pressure for a pure substance for any given temperature is that pressure at which vapor and liquid, or vapor and solid, can coexist in stable

391
Q

PRESSURE, STATIC

A

The normal force per unit area that would be exerted by a moving fluid on a small body immersed in it if the body were carried along with the fluid. Practically, it is

392
Q

PRESSURE, TOTAL

A

In the theory of the flow of fluids, the sum of the static pressure and the velocity pressure at the point of measurement. Also called dynamic pressure.

393
Q

PRESSURE, VAPOR

A

The partial pressure exerted by the water vapor contained in air.

394
Q

PRESSURE

A

HEAT DIAGRAM

395
Q

PRESSURESTAT

A

A control which reacts to pressure changes in the evaporator.

396
Q

PRESSURE

A

VELOCITY COMPOUNDING

397
Q

PRETREATMENT

A

Also referred to as external treatment, consisting of treating the raw make

398
Q

PRIMARY AIR

A

The initial air stream discharged by an air outlet (the air being supplied by a fan or supply duct) prior to any entrainment of the ambient air or for he purpose of

399
Q

PRIMARY CONSTITUENTS

A

Refers to the category of dissolved solids present in water at a level of more then 5 mg/L.

400
Q

PRIMARY CONTROL

A

A device which directly or indirectly controls the control agent in response to needs indicated by the controller. Typically a motor, valve, relay, etc.

401
Q

PRIMARY ELEMENT

A

The portion of the controller which first uses energy derived from the controlled medium to produce a condition representing the value of the controlled variable

402
Q

PRIMARY SYSTEM

A

A closed water system in which the water is circulated directly through a chiller for cooling or heat exchanger or boiler for heating.

403
Q

PRIME MOVER

A

An engine or other device by which natural source of energy is converted into mechanical energy.

404
Q

PRIMING

A

The phenomenon in which the level of water in a boiler is changed by bouncing rapidly. The result is, that boiler water will enter the steam flow.

405
Q

PROCESS HOT WATER

A

Hot water needed for manufacturing processes over and above the “domestic hot water” that is for the personal use of industrial workers.

406
Q

PROPANE

A

A paraffin hydrocarbon (C3H8) that is a gas at ordinary atmospheric conditions but easily liquefied under pressure.

407
Q

PROPORTIONAL BAND

A

The range of values of a proportional positioning controller through which the controlled variable must pass to move the final control element through its full

408
Q

PSI

A

Symbol or initials used to indicate pressure measured in pounds per square inch.

409
Q

PSIA

A

Symbol or initials used to indicate pressure measured in pounds per square inch absolute. Absolute pressure equals gauge pressure plus atmospheric pressure. The “A” indicates

410
Q

PSIG

A

Symbol or initials used to indicate pressure in pounds per square inch gauge. The “G” indicates that is gauge pressure and not absolute pressure.

411
Q

PSYCHROMETER

A

An instrument for ascertaining the humidity or hygrometric state of the atmosphere.

412
Q

PSYCHROMETRIC MEASUREMENT

A

Measurement of temperature pressure and humidity using a psychometric chart.

413
Q

PSYCHROMETRY

A

The study of air

414
Q

PULL DOWN

A

An expression indicating action of removing refrigerant from all or part of a refrigeration system.

415
Q

PULSATION DAMPENER

A

Any gas or liquid charged, chambered device that minimizes periodic increases and decreases in pressure.

416
Q

PULSE

A

ECHO TECHNIQUES

417
Q

PUMP

A

A device that increases the pressure on a fluid or raises it to a higher level.

418
Q

PUMP DOWN

A

The act of using a compressor or a pump to reduce the pressure in a container or a system.

419
Q

PUMP, POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT

A

A pump that moves a measured quantity of fluid with each stroke of a piston or each revolution of vanes or gears.

420
Q

PUMP, ROTARY

A

A pump that moves fluid by positive displacement, using a system of rotating vanes, gears, or lobes.

421
Q

PUMP

A

DISCHARGE PRESSURE

422
Q

The point of highest pressure in a re

A

circulating water system which is at the discharge side of the re

423
Q

PURGING

A

Releasing compressed gas to atmosphere through some part or parts for the purpose of removing contaminants from that part or parts.

424
Q

PURGING VALVES

A

Devices used to remove non

425
Q

PYROMETER

A

A device for measuring temperatures above the range of liquid thermometers.

426
Q

QUALITY

A

Weight fraction of the vapor in a vapor

427
Q

QUICKLIME

A

Unslaked lime (calcium oxide).

428
Q

RACEWAY

A

Any support system, open or closed, for carrying electric wires.

429
Q

RADIANT HEATING

A

Heating system in which warm or hot surfaces are used to radiate heat into the space to be conditioned.

430
Q

RADIATION

A

Transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves.

431
Q

RAM AIR

A

Air forced through the condenser due to the rapid movement of steam from the turbine exit.

432
Q

RANKINE SCALE

A

Name given the absolute (Fahrenheit) scale. Zero (0) R on this scale is

433
Q

RANKINE TEMPERATURE

A

Degrees Fahrenheit plus 491.60.

434
Q

RAPTURE MEMBRANE

A

A metal membrane (pressure relief device) designed to rapture at a predetermined pressure.

435
Q

RAW MAKEUP WATER

A

Untreated water fed to a system to replace that lost.

436
Q

RAW WATER

A

With water treatment it means untreated feedwater or water in its natural state, prior to any treatment.

437
Q

REAGENT

A

A substance, chemical, or solution used in laboratory to detect, measure, or react with other substances, chemicals or solutions.

438
Q

RE

A

CARBONATION

439
Q

A process using carbon dioxide gas to stabilize and thereby prevent precipitation of calcium carbonate from cold process lime or lime

A

soda softened water.

440
Q

RECEIVER

A

An auxiliary storage receptacle for fluids.

441
Q

RECEIVER DEHYDRATOR

A

Small tank which serves as liquid refrigerants reservoir and which also contains a desiccant so remove moisture. Used on most automobile air conditioning

442
Q

RECEIVER HEATING ELEMENT

A

Electrical resistance mounted in or around liquid receiver. It is used to maintain head pressures when ambient temperature is low.

443
Q

RECEIVER

A

DRIER

444
Q

RECIPROCAL

A

A format defined by 1 divided by the complex number.

445
Q

RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

A

Compressor which uses a piston and cylinder mechanism to provide pumping action.

446
Q

RECORDING THERMOMETER

A

Temperature measuring instrument which has a pen marking a moving chart.

447
Q

RECTIFIER

A

A device used to convert AC current into DC current.

448
Q

RECUPERATOR

A

Equipment for transferring heat from gaseous products of combustion to incoming air or fuel. The incoming material passes through pipes surrounded by a chamber

449
Q

RED WATER

A

Water that has a red, cloudy appearance caused by suspended red iron oxide.

450
Q

REDOX POTENTIAL

A

A process designed to determine if a corrosion process will occur.

451
Q

REDUCING ELBOW

A

A fitting that makes an angle between two joints of pipe and that decreases in diameter from one end to the other.

452
Q

REDUCING FLANGE

A

A flange fitting used to join pipes of different diameters.

453
Q

REDUCING NIPPLE

A

A pipe fitting that is threaded on both ends and decreases in diameter from one end to the other.

454
Q

REDUCING TEE

A

A “T”shaped pipe fitting with openings of two different sizes. The relationship:

455
Q

REDUCTION

A

Reduction is the addition of hydrogen, removal of oxygen, or the addition of electrons to an element or compound.

456
Q

REED VALVE

A

Thin, flat, tempered steel plate fastened at one end.

457
Q

REFRIGERANT

A

The fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system, which absorbs heat at a low temperature and a low pressure of the fluid and rejects heat at a higher

458
Q

REFRIGERANT

A

The working fluid used in refrigerators.

459
Q

REFRIGERANT CHARGE

A

Quantity of refrigerant in a system.

460
Q

REFRIGERANT CONTROL

A

Device which meters flow of refrigerant between two areas of a refrigerating system. It also maintains pressure difference between high

461
Q

low

A

pressure side of the mechanical refrigerating system while unit is running.

462
Q

REFRIGERATING CAPACITY

A

The ability of a system to remove heat as compared with the cooling effect produced by melting of ice.

463
Q

REFRIGERATING EFFECT

A

The amount of heat transferred by one kg of refrigerant as it circulates in the refrigeration system.

464
Q

REFRIGERATION

A

Controlled transfer of heat from a lower temperature to a higher temperature region.

465
Q

REFRIGERATION OIL

A

Specially prepared oil used in refrigerator mechanism which circulates, to some extent, with refrigerant.

466
Q

REFRIGERATOR

A

A device to transfer heat from a low temperature to a high temperature medium.

467
Q

REGENERANT

A

The solution used to restore the activity of an ion exchanger. Acids are employed to restore a cation exchanger to its hydrogen form

468
Q

REGENERATION

A

Restoration of the activity of an ion exchanger by replacing the ions adsorbed from the treated solution by ions that were adsorbed initially on the resin.

469
Q

REGENERATIVE CYCLE

A

Is a gas turbine cycle employing a heat exchanger to recover some of the heat before discharging the gases from the gas turbine to the atmosphere, to recover

470
Q

REGENERATIVE GAS TURBINE

A

Referring to a gas turbine employing heat exchanger between the compressor and the combustor for the purpose of recovering heat.

471
Q

REJUVENATION

A

(see regeneration)

472
Q

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

A

The amount of moisture the air holds relative to the maximum moisture the air can hold at the same temperature.

473
Q

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

A

The ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the amount of water vapor present in a given volume of air at a given temperature to the amount required to saturate the

474
Q

RELAY

A

An electromechanical switch that opens or closes contacts in response to some controlled action. Relay contacts can be normally open (NO) and/ or normally closed (NC).

475
Q

RELAY, THERMAL

A

A switching relay in which a small heater warms a bimetal element which bends to provide the switching force.

476
Q

RELIEF VALVE

A

Safety device on a sealed system. It opens to release fluids before dangerous pressure is reached. Also called pressure relief valve.

477
Q

REMOTE SYSTEM

A

Refrigerating system in which condensing unit is away from space to be cooled.

478
Q

RESET

A

A process of automatically adjusting the control point of a given controller to compensate for changes in outdoor temperature. The hot deck control point is normally reset

479
Q

RESET RATIO

A

The ratio of change in outdoor temperature to the change in control point temperature. For example, a 2:1 reset ratio means that the control point will increase 1 degree

480
Q

RESIDUAL

A

Means small amount of, like oxygen, sulfite, acid., etc..

481
Q

RESISTANCE

A

The opposition which limits the amount of current that can be produced by an applied voltage in an electrical circuit, measured in ohms.

482
Q

RESISTANCE, THERMAL

A

The reciprocal of thermal conductance.

483
Q

RESISTIVE LOADS

A

Electrical loads whose power factor is one. Usually contain heating elements.

484
Q

RESTRICTOR

A

A device for producing a deliberate pressure drop or resistance in a line by reducing the cross

485
Q

RETURN

A

STEAM CONDENSATE

486
Q

REVERSE CYCLE DEFROST

A

Method of heating evaporator for defrosting. Valves move hot gas from compressor into evaporator.

487
Q

REVERSE CYCLE REFRIGERATION

A

A refrigeration system which uses reject heat to produce warmth.

488
Q

REVERSE DEIONIZATION

A

The use of an anion

489
Q

exchange unit and a cation

A

exchange unit

490
Q

in that order

A

to remove all ions from solution.

491
Q

REVERSE OSMOSIS

A

A process that reverses (by the application of pressure) the flow of water in the natural process of osmosis so that it passes from the more concentrated to the

492
Q

REVERSIBLE PROCESS

A

A process by which a fluid is made to undergo a change of state and by traversing the path in exactly the reverse of the original path is returned to its original

493
Q

REVERSING VALVE

A

Device used to reverse direction of the refrigerant flow depending upon whether heating or cooling is desired.

494
Q

RINSE

A

The operation which follows regeneration

495
Q

ROTARY COMPRESSOR

A

Mechanism which pumps fluid by using rotating motion.

496
Q

RROSION, SELECTIVE

A

The selective corrosion of one or more components of a solid solution alloy.

497
Q

RUNNING CURRENT

A

The current that flows through a load after inrush current. Usually called “full load current”.

498
Q

RUNNING TIME

A

Amount of time a condensing unit is run per hour or per 24 hours.

499
Q

RUST

A

A visible corrosion product consisting of hydrated oxides of iron. Applied only to ferrous alloys.

500
Q

RYZNAR STABILITY INDEX

A

An index based on calcium carbonate pH of saturation vs. actual pH to determine scaling or corrosion tendencies of a water (R.I. = 2 pHs).

Power Engineering Terms (5 decks)

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