All Questions 601- Flashcards
rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, sharp triphasic syncronous discharges on EEG
Crutzfeldt-Jakob disease
this is not a shockable rhythm during cardiac arrest with no palpable pulses
A-fib
Temporal arteritis Tx’ed w/ steroids followed by LE muscle weakness
Drug-induced myopathy
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (urine dipstick pos for bili w/ dark urine)
Rotor syndrome
Travel followed by RUQ pain and a single right lobe liver cyst
Entamoeba histolytica (an ameba)
Intimate contact w/ dogs followed by development of a cyst
Echinococcus granulosus (a hyatid)
Sx of CREST w/ exertional SOB
Pulmonary fibrosis 2/2 systemic sclerosis
Lower back pain less severe walking uphill than walking downhill and worse w/ prolonged standing but relieved by sitting
Lumbar spinal stenosis
Lower back pain w/ limited spinal mobility w/ Sx’s that improve w/ exercise early in disease
Ankylosing spondylitis
Flesh colored / erythemetaous vesicles on the elbows, knees, etc. in the context of celiac sprue Dx, best treated w/ dapsone
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Syncope w/ hypotension and/or acute R heart strain
Massive pulmonary embolism
Tense bullae on normal appearing skin w/ pruritis and IgG and C3 on immunofluorescence
Bullous pemphigoid
Flaccid bullae on normal appearing skin w/ IgG on immunofluorescence
Pemphigus vulgaris
Numbness and occasional pain in the palm and thenar eminence atrophy
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Cirrhosis, Kayser-Fleischer rings, neuropsychiatric changes
Hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson’s disease)
Decrease in bone density treated by bisphosphonates (-dronates) and calcitonin (keeps Ca2+ in the bone)
Osteoporosis
Increased glucose secretion, protein catabolism, and lipid catabolism caused by excess glucocorticoid as a result of any cause leading to DM, osteoporosis, and central adiposity. Test for with AM cortisol or 24 hour urine cortisol
Cushing’s syndrome
Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis. Test for with plasma aldosterone-renin activity ratio
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn’s Syndrome)
Increased PT, PTT, bleeding time, and D-dimer titer with reduced fibrinogen level and platelet count with MAHA
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Thrombocytopenia, MAHA, fever (also renal impairment, neurologic deficits) (PT, PTT not affected)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
Child (most often), kidneys affectd by platelet-fibrin thrombi (PT, PTT not affected)
Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Thrombocytopenia, other symptomatic diseases or medications (often follows a viral illness) (PT, PTT not affected). Tx w/ high dose corticosteroids
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Sx’s of hyperviscosity (hypertension, headache, dizziness, blurred vision) due to increased hematocrit with normal erythropoietin levels and high-oxygen-affinity hemoglobin
Polycythemia vera
Palpitations, sweathing, headaches and hypertension with increased catecholamine levels (Dx w/ abdominal CT)
Pheochromocytoma
Throat or neck discomfort, wheezing, stridor, and anxiety in a patient who does not respond to asthma treatment
Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD)
Severe polyuria, polydipsia, with mildly increased hypernatremia ( due to water loss) and decreased urine osmolality (< 300)
Diabetes insipidus (DI, may be central (e.g. pituitary tumor) or nephrogenic (e.g. due to lithium))
Fever, cough w/ sputum, and cavitary lung lesions in an immunocompromised patient that should be treated with bactrim
Nocardia asteroides
A point mutation in a gene causes a coagulation factor to become resistant to inactivation by protein C leading to hypercoagulability
Factor 5 Leiden
Middle aged woman who presents with pruritis, fatigue, hepatosplenomegally, and xanthelasma progressing to jaundice with anti-mitochondrial antibodies in the serum
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Middle aged man presenting with pruritis, jaundice and onion skinning fibrosis around bile ducts, related to UC
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
1) didanosine-induced pancreatitis, 2) abacavir-related hypersensitivity syndrome, 3) indinavir-related crystal-induced nephropathy, 4) nevirapine-associated liver failure, 5) NRTI related lactic acidosis, 6) NNRTI related Steven-Johnson syndrome
Name the 6 common acute life threatening reactions associated w/ HIV therapy
Patient > 60 complains of difficulty hearing in crowded, noisy environments (high frequency, sensory-neural hearing loss that occurs with aging
Presbycusis
Middle aged patient complains of low frequency, conductive hearing loss
Otosclerosis
Patient presents with tinnitus, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss
Menier’s Disease
Patient complains of unilateral hearing loss
Acoustic neuroma
A young adult patient complains of progressive back pain and spinal stiffness that is worse in the morning and improves with exercise. Bilateral sacroiliitis is seen on X-ray and the patient is at increased risk for developing anterior uveitis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Patient presents with hyperthermia, mydriasis, delirium, urinary retention, decreased bowel sounds, and dry mouth
Anticholinergic poisoning
Awake, alert patient with white tongue, heavy drooling, mouth burns, and severe pain with normal vitals and benign abdomen
Caustic poisoning
Patient presents with CNS depression, arrhythmias, hypotension, and anticholinergic signs such as hyperthermia, flushing, dilated pupils, decreased bowel sounds and urinary retension
TCA poisoning
Patient presents with headache, vomiting, abdominal pain and flushed skin as well as bitter almond flavor
Cyanide poisoning
When a the treatment regimen selected for a patient depends (or is susceptible to) on the severity of the patient’s illness, negating the effect of randomization
Susceptibility bias
When an intervention appears to prolong survival versus another treatment when it really just diagnosed a disease sooner
Lead time bias
When poor data collection leads to inaccurate results
Measurement bias
When the observer knows prior details of the study that can affect the results, like treatment participants are getting
Observer bias
When a study participant is influenced by prior knowledge to answer a study question
Recall bias
HIV infected patient presents with chronic, severe diarrhea and oocytes seen on acid fast stain of stool
Cryptosporidium parvum
HIV infected patient presents with chronic, severe diarrhea and spores seen in stool
Microsporidia
Female patient presents with facial rash, periorbital edema, difficulty rising from a seated position and climbing stairs, lichenoid papules overlying the joints, and symmetric proximal weakness of autoimmune origin associated with malignancy
Dermatomyositis
Elderly patient presents with hearing loss, elevated alk phos with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase, calcium, phos, and other liver enzymes
Paget’s disease of the bone
Patient presents with cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis as well as koplik’s spots and an erythematous maculopapular rash that progresses from the head to the trunk and extremities
Measles
Patient presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, and malaise as well as arthritis and an erythematous maculopapular rash that progresses from the head to the trunk and extremities
Rubella
Patient presents with sore throat, pharyngitis, and leukocytosis as well as cervical lymphadenopathy and a maculopapular rash that appears after administration of ampicillin
Infectious mononucleosis
