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102 Growth & Development > All hormones > Flashcards

All hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chemical nature of auxin

A

IAA is the naturally occuring form of auxin

- synthesized from tryptophan

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2
Q

Where is auxin synthesized

A

leaf primorida
young leaves
developing seeds

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3
Q

How is auxin transported

A

cell to cell

unidirectional (polar) transport

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4
Q

What are the effects of auxin

A
  • apical dominance
  • tropic responses (phototropism)
  • vascular tissue differentiation
  • promotion of cambial activity
  • induction of adventitious roots from cuttings
  • inhibition of leaf and fruit abscission
  • stimulation of ethylene synthesis
  • inhibition of promotion of flowering
  • stimulation of fruit development
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5
Q

What is the chemical nature of cytokinin

A

N^6 adenine derivative
phenyl urea compounds
Zeatin is the most common cytokinin in plants

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6
Q

Where is cytokinin synthesized

A

In root tips

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7
Q

How is cytokinin transported

A

are transported via the xylem from roots to shoots

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8
Q

What are the effects of cytokinin

A
  • cell division
  • promotion of shoot formation in tissue culture
  • delay of leaf senescence
  • application of cytokinin can cause release of lateral buds from apical dominance
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9
Q

What is the chemical nature of ethylene

A
  • gas
  • C2H4
  • synthesized from methionine
  • the only hydrocarbon with a pronounced effect on plants
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10
Q

where is ethylene synthesized

A

in most tissues in response to stress, especially in tissues undergoing senescence or ripening

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11
Q

How is ethylene transported

A

being a gas it moves by diffusion from its site of synthesis

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12
Q

What are the effects of ethylene

A
  • fruit ripening (especially in climacteric fruits: apples, bananas, avocados)
  • leaf and flower senescence
  • leaf and fruit abscission
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13
Q

what is the chemical nature of ABA (abscisic acid)

A

synthesized from mevalonic acid

- no effect of abscission

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14
Q

Where is ABA synthesized

A

in mature leaves, especially in response to water stress.

May be synthesized in seeds

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15
Q

how is ABA transported

A

exported from leaves in the phloem

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16
Q

What are the effects of ABA

A
  • stomatal closure
  • induction of photosynthate transport leaves to developing seeds
  • induction of storage protein synthesis in seeds
  • embryogenesis
  • may affect induction and maintenance of dormancy in seeds and buds of certain species
17
Q

What is the chemical nature of Gibberellin

A

GA3 (gibberellic acid) a fungal product is most widely available.
GA1 is probably the most important gibberellin in plants.
GAs are synthesized from mevalonic acid

18
Q

Where is Gibberellin made

A

in young tissues of the shoots and developing seeds

uncertain whether synthesis also occurs in roots

19
Q

How is GA transported

A

GAs are transported in the xylem and phloem

20
Q

What are the effects of GA

A
  • hyperelongation of shoots by stimulating both cell division and cell elongation
  • producing tall plants
  • induction of seed germination
  • stimulation of flowering in long day plants and biennials
  • regulation of production of seed enzymes in cereals
21
Q

What is the chemical nature of Brassinolides

A

steroids

22
Q

What are the effects of brassinolides

A
  • stimulate cell division and elongation

- Arabidopsis mutations that block synthesis of brassinolides produce dwarf plants

23
Q

What is the chemical nature of salicylic acid

A

phenolic compound

24
Q

what is the effect of salicylic acid

A

activate pathogen defense genes

25
Q

What is the chemical nature of jasmonates

A

volatile fatty acid dervatives

26
Q

What are the effects of jasmonates

A
  • regulates seed germination
  • root growth
  • storage protein accumulation
  • synthesis of defense proteins
27
Q

What is the chemical nature of systemin

A

small peptide

28
Q

What are the effects of systemin

A
  • produced in wounded tissue systems

- may induce defense genes in remote tissues

102 Growth & Development (10 decks)

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