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Higher Music > All Higher Concepts > Flashcards

All Higher Concepts Flashcards

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Ultimate Music Theory flashcards
1
Q

Acciaccatura

A

A short, quick notes before the main note

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2
Q

Added 6th

A

a chord with the sixth note of the scale added. For example an A in the chord of C

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3
Q

Augmentation

A

when a passage of music is repeated with no longer note values than the first time

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4
Q

Basso Continuo

A

the group of instruments making the harmony/accompaniment in a Baroque piece of music. Organ and Harpsichord usually, but can also include cello, bassoon, lute or viola de gamba

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5
Q

Chamber Music

A

a small scale composition for a small group of instruments, intended to be played to a small audience. Usually 3 - 8 musicians. Often piano and strings

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6
Q

Coloratura

A

highly complex, decorative singing with lots of notes and ornaments. Mozart’s operas often

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7
Q

Concerto Grosso

A

a type of composition consisting of Ripieno and Concertino. The aim to provide contrast

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8
Q

Concertino

A

the smaller group of instruments in a Concerto Grosso

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9
Q

Da Capo Aria

A

an aria in ternary form (A-B-A). The instruction ‘Da Capo, just means to go back to the start

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10
Q

Diminution

A

the opposite of Augmentation, when a passage of music is played with shorter note values. Think ‘diminish’ - it gets smaller

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11
Q

Diminished Triad

A

a diminished chord, where the 3rd and 5th notes are taken down a semitone

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12
Q

Diminished 7th

A

a diminished chord as above but with an added 7th note. Often used in films for ‘terror effects’

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13
Q

Dominant 7th

A

a normal major chord but with an added flattened 7th note (on the scale of this chord)

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14
Q

Exposition

A

the first movement of a sonata form or fugue

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15
Q

Harmonics

A

a technique for playing stringed instruments which involves holding down the string not fully but enough to make a different sound to an open strong. It has a characteristic high pitch, quiet tone

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16
Q

Harmonic Minor (Scale)

A

the same notes when going up and down (see melodic minor scale)

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17
Q

Impressionist

A

the music is trying to express an emotion, mood or feeling, such as sadness. Musical structures and forms and freer to allow the emotion of the music to be heard. Can be dreamy or romantic sounding

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18
Q

Interrupted Cadence

A

the chords 5 to 6 (remember 6 is minor)

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19
Q

Interval

A

the distance between two notes. To work out an interval, work out the letter names of each note, write them down. Take the first letter as ‘1’ then count up to the next letter - the number you land on is the interval

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20
Q

Irregular Time Signatures

A

the time signature and number of beats in each bar changes frequently. You find it hard to get a feel for the music and it has a characteristic sound

21
Q

Jazz Funk

A

a 20th style of music which has an emphasis on drum kit and bass guitar, often including slap bass. Keyboards (including synthesiser) or piano can also feature heavily

22
Q

Lied

A

a German song, often with complex piano accompaniment. It is from the Romanic period

23
Q

Mass

A

a large scale work with an emphasis on singers, with soloists, SATB chorus and orchestra. It is sung in Latin and based on the six sections of liturgy: Kyrie, Gloria, Alleluia, Sanctus, Benedictus and Agnus Dei (these words may often by in the music)

24
Q

Melodic Minor Scale

A

the notes are different depending on whether the scale is ascending or descending (see harmonic minor scale)

25
Q

Mode/Modal

A

a type of early scale developed and used in the Medieval and Renaissance periods. It sounds a bit off and unusual but is consistent. It is sometimes used today in modern music

26
Q

Mordent

A

an ornament with this pattern - the note, note above then the first note again. it is shown by a small squiggly line above the music

27
Q

Musique Concrète

A

a style origination from France where recorded sounds are used to make the composition. They could be anything from trains or other transport to animals. It has a very unique sound and you will recognise it straight away

28
Q

Obbligato

A

a prominent solo instrument in a piece of vocal music. It forms a distinctive sound and it is an important part of the music

29
Q

Oratorio

A

an operatic work based on stories from the bible

30
Q

Passacaglia

A

a slow Baroque dance with three beats in the bar. It will have a repeated bass pattern (ground bass) with changing upper parts. It will usually be in the minor key, but not always

31
Q

Plagal Cadence

A

when the chords are 4 to 1, the ‘Amen’ sound

32
Q

Plainchant

A

unaccompanied, religious vocal music. Unison and monophonic (the same note by all singers). Sung in lain

33
Q

Recitative

A

a way of singing in an opera which is half spoken, half sung. It follows the natural rhythm of speach

34
Q

Relative Major

A

a major key which has the same key signature as a minor key, for example C major has the same as A minor. The major is up 4 semitones from the minor

35
Q

Relative Minor

A

a minor key which has the same key signature as a major key. The minor is down 4 semitones

36
Q

Ripieno

A

the larger group in a Concerto Grosso, when all the instruments enter and the whole group plays

37
Q

Ritornello

A

a passage of music which returns frequently. It is a Baroque concept and refers to instrument music

38
Q

Sonata

A

an instrument work for solo piano and orchestra

39
Q

Sonata Form

A

an instrumental work with three sections - exposition, development and recapitulation

40
Q

Soul Music

A

a style of popular music originating in America from the 1960s, where the singer often expresses emotions through the lyrics and style of singing

41
Q

String Quartet

A

a group of four stringed instruments - two violins, viola and cello

42
Q

Subject

A

the opening tune in a piece of music, usually from the baroque period

43
Q

3 against 2

A

triplets and quavers playing at the same time - sounds very odd

44
Q

Tierce De Picardie

A

when a piece of music is major and ends on a minor chord, or a piece of music is minor and ends on a major chord

45
Q

Time Changes

A

the time signature change suddenly in the music. You will notice feel of the music change

46
Q

Through-Composed

A

a term used to describe a song which has no repetition of musical material

47
Q

Tremolando

A

short, rapid repetition of a note to create tension or suspense

48
Q

Triplets

A

three notes are played where two notes would normally be. Think ‘straw-be-rry’ vs ‘quaver’

Higher Music (10 decks)

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