All Disorders

Question 1

IBS biological explanation

Answer 1

Muscles in the intestinal wall especially the colon after their normal rhythm- contract too quickly or too slow. Results in constipation or diarrhoea.

Question 2

IBS symptoms and effects

Answer 2

Stomach cramps, bloating diarrhoea and constipation. These tend to come and go over time. Can last for days weeks or months at a time.

Question 3

IBS causes

Answer 3

Can be triggered by alcohol, carbonated drinks caffeine chocolate fried food. Stress.

Question 4

IBS Monitoring and treatments

Answer 4

No cure- diet- avoid triggers.

Question 5

IBS care needs

Answer 5

-Dietician to help change diet
-emotional support to help with symptoms and ‘no cure’ concept.
-gentle exercise can help reduce stress

Question 6

IBS lifestyle impacts

Answer 6

• time off work due to symptoms/ regular hospital visits.
  -financial issues.
  -daily medication
  -restricted diet
  -embarrassment of symptoms.

Question 7

Coeliac disease biological explanation

Answer 7

-Immune system destroys the villi and microvilli of the illeum.
-The villi are flattened and inflamed.
-results in reduced surface area so reduce absorption of nutrients.

Question 8

Coeliac disease symptoms and effects

Answer 8

-diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating or flatulence, digestion, constipation.

Question 9

Coeliac disease Causes

Answer 9

Autoimmune response to the gluten protein in wheat.

Question 10

Coeliac disease monitoring and treatments

Answer 10

• steroids to reduce inflammation and suppress immune response . Gluten free diet.

Question 11

Coeliac disease care needs

Answer 11

-Supportive -management of symptoms .
-Dietician to help change diet (gluten free)

Question 12

Coeliac disease impact on lifestyle

Answer 12

Same as IBS

Question 13

Gallstones biological explanation

Answer 13

-Imbalance causes chrysalis to form in the gall bladder
-which can turn into stones
-these can block the bile duct flowing from the gall bladder to the dueodebem
- bile builds up in the gall bladder and liver
-this puts pressure on and damaging liver cells

Question 14

Gallstones symptoms and effects

Answer 14

• excessive sweating
  -feeling sick
  -jaundice (yellowing of the skin)
• itchy skin

Question 15

Gallstones causes

Answer 15

-Imbalance of minerals and salts in the bile.
-Risk factors -female over 40, overweight, IBS or liver damage.

Question 16

Gallstones treatments

Answer 16

Lithotripsy. Removal of gallbladder. Medication

Question 17

Gallstones care needs

Answer 17

Change of diet- regular health meals including fat to maintain healthy weight.
-Reduce weight slowly- obesity is a risk factor

Question 18

Gallstones lifestyle impacts

Answer 18

-Chronic pain- effect work/ sleep/ emotional. .
-time off work .
-restricted movement and breathing due to pain

Question 19

Osteoarthritis biological explanation

Answer 19

Erosion of articular cartilage , bones rub causing inflammation and restricted joint movement

Question 20

Osteoarthritis symptoms and effects

Answer 20

Joints pain and stiffness, swelling and problems moving the joint

Question 21

Osteoarthritis causes

Answer 21

Repeated movement/ use of joint.
Manual jobs
Previous injury

Question 22

Osteoarthritis treatments

Answer 22

Steroid - to reduce inflammation
Surgery- joint replacement or fusion

Question 23

Osteoarthritis lifestyle impacts

Answer 23

Pain- makes it difficult to do activity, results in weight gain which puts more strain on joints.
- less sleep can affect emotions
-mobility issues which can affect working/ driving

Question 24

Rheumatoid arthritis biological explanation

Answer 24

Antibodies attach joint linings causing inflammation and swelling. Long term inflammation destroys the bones and cartilage

Question 25

Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and effects

Answer 25

-Joint pain, stiffness
-symptoms often develop gradually

Question 26

Rheumatoid arthritis causes

Answer 26

Autoimmune response risk factors can include: female, family history, smoking.