Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oncology > All > Flashcards

All Flashcards

1
Q

What cancers are Pembrolizumab funded for on PBS?

A 
NSCLC
Melanoma
Bladder
GOJ/gastric
Head and neck
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are the ADRs of ipilimumab more severe than those of Pembrolizumab?

A

Ipilimumab is less specific for cancer cells

  • ipilimumab binds the CTLA4 on the activated T cells to prevent CTLA4-B7 binding to the antigen presenting cell
  • Pembrolizumab binds the PD1 on the activated T cell to prevent PD1-PDL1 binding to the tumour cell

Thus Pembrolizumab targets cancer cells specifically, vs ipilimumab non-specifically targeting APCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of melanoma are BRAF positive?

A

40-60% melanoma are BRAF positive
- 80-90% of these are V600E (glutamic acid substituted for valine)

Treat with Dabrafabib/Vemurafenib (BRAF inh) with Trametinib (MEK inh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the side effects of Dabrafenib?

A

Fatigue
Arthrarlgia
Alopecia
Skin SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Side effects of Trametinib?

A

Fever

But lower rate of skin SCC vs BRAF inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Current breast screening guidelines

A

Women 50-74 have free 2yrly mammograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Bowel cancer screening in Australia

A

5yrly FOBT from age 50-74

If moderate risk/FHx - start screening at 50yo or 10yrs prior to 1st family member diagnosed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cervical cancer screening

A

2yrly Pap smears for anyone sexually active 18-70yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what percentage of neutropenic sepsis is a causative organism found?

A

Causative organism only found in 20-30% (gram + > gram -)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the common cause of oncological spinal cord compression?

A

Lung
Prostrate
Breast
Haematological malignancies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common cause of SVC obstruction

A

Lung Ca

NHL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the role of bisphosphonates in malignancy?

A

Treating malignant hyperCa, bony metastasis, osteoporosis

No impact on survival
Increase time to developing a skeletal complication (pain, fracture, osteoporosis)

Mx: Zoledronic acid (for osteoporosis and bony mets); Denosumab approved only for prostate and breast Ca (higher risk of hypoCa)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Toxicity of Antheacyclines (doxorubicin/epirubicin)

A

Acute: arrhythmias, heart block ventricular dysfunction
Chronic: cardiomyopathy and heart failure

Monitor with 3/12 echo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toxicity of florouracil/capecitabine

A

Chest pain due to coronary artery spasm
(High rates of spasm with PO > IV 5-FU)

Mx: stop drug, angio if possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Toxicity of anti-angiogenic agents (bevacizumab/sunitinib/sorafenib)

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Toxicity of Bleomycin

A

Irreversible pulmonary fibrosis
Retro peritoneal fibrosis
Cardiac fibrosis

Do baseline DLCO and monitor with symptoms

17
Q

Toxicity of Taxanes (docetaxel/paclitaxel)

A

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia
Pulmonary oedema

Sensory loss (Paclitaxel>Docetaxel>Carbazitaxel) particularly around hand and fingertips - irreversible if drug not stopped early

18
Q

Toxicity of Everolimus/Erlotinib/Gefitinib

A

Pneumonitis
ILD

Manage with corticosteroids

19
Q

Toxicity of Oxaliplatin

A

Cold dysaesthesias (lasts

20
Q

Toxicity of Cisplatin

A

Tinnitus and high frequency hearing loss

Peripheral neuropathy

21
Q

Toxicity of vincristine

A

Axonal neuropathy sensory>motor

Autonomic neuropathy

22
Q

Which type of cancer is the leading cause of death in Australia?

A

Lung cancer

23
Q

Cancer marker for monitoring CRC?

A

CEA

High CEA pre-op has prognostic value and used to monitor recurrence post-treatment

Note: Other causes of elevated CEA are PUD, smoking, COPD, liver disease, diabetes, inflammation

24
Q

Cancer marker for monitoring pancreatic cancer?

A

CA19.9

Prognostic value at diagnosis, monitoring post-resection and monitor response to treatment

Other causes of elevated CA19.9: colestasis, cholangitis, cirrhosis
Cancer causes of elevated Ca19.9: biliary Ca, HCC, pancreatic NET

25
Q

Cancer marker for monitoring HCC?

A

AFP

Other causes of elevated AFP: pregnancy, Chronic liver disease
Cancer causes of elevated AFP: gastric Ca, germ cell tumours

26
Q

Cancer marker used to monitor response to treatment of metastatic breast cancer?

A

CA15.3 and CEA

Note: these markers have no role in relapse. No role in adjuvant setting. Only use in metastatic disease

CA15.3 also elevated in: B12 def, sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, liver dysfunction

27
Q

Cancer marker to monitor response to therapy in ovarian cancer?

A

CA125

CA125 also elevated in: hepatic/heart/renal disease, fibrosis, pleural fluid, ascites.
Cancer causes of elevated CA125: any cancers causing ascites or pleural effusion, peritoneal carcinoma, endometrium, breast, lung, pancreas

28
Q

AFP/LDH/BhCG in non-seminoma vs seminoma testicular cancers

A

NSGCT:

  • BhCG normal/increased
  • AFP increased
  • LDH normal/increased

Seminoma:

  • BhCG normal/increased
  • AFP normal
  • LDH normal/increased
29
Q

Tumour marker for monitoring melanoma?

A

LDH

30
Q

Tumour marker for prostate cancer?

A

PSA

Used for risk stratification at diagnosis, monitoring recurrence post treatment and monitoring response to therapy

Other causes of elevated PSA: BPH, prostatitis

31
Q

Tumour marker used to monitor neuroendocrine tumours?

A

Chromogranin A (CgA) - CgA is a reflection of tumour bulk, not aggressiveness of the tumour. CgA is more sensitive than urinary 5HIAA but less specific

CgA used to monitor relapse after treatments, response to treatment

Other causes of elevated CgA: PPI therapy, renal disease, liver disease, atrophic gastritis, IBD

32
Q

Tumour marker to monitor medullary thyroid carcinoma

A

Calcitonin and CEA

Both have prognostic significance pre-op and monitor response to treatment of advanced disease

Benign causes of elevated calcitonin: hyperCa, hypergastrinaemia, PPI therapy, BB, steroids, goitre, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

Cancer causes of elevated calcitonin: NET, all thyroid cancers

33
Q

Tumour marker for differentiated thyroid cancer?

A

Thyroglobulin (Tg)

Used for prognostication and to evaluate response to treatment, and to monitor recurrent disease post-treatment

Oncology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions