Alkanes and alkenes. Flashcards
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
CnH2n (No methane)
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound made of hydrogen and carbon ONLY
Def of unsaturated?
Double carbon bond C=C. ALKENES.
Def of saturated?
All carbon bonds are single. ALKANES.
How are fractions obtained?
Crude oil that has been fractionally distillated.
How do you do fractional distillation?
You heat the hydrocarbons until they evaporate.
They rise, cool and condense.
Different fractions have different boiling points and condense at different positions in the fractionating column.
Order of fractions?
Refinery gases Gasoline Kerosene Diesel Fuel oil Bitumen.
Def. of a fuel?
A substance that releases energy when burnt.
Complete combustion.
Plenty of oxygen
Byproducts are CO2 and H2O
Incomplete combustion.
Not enough oxygen
CO and H2O
Negative impacts of CO2 on environment?
Sea levels rise
Global warming
How do you test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Add bromine water
No reaction if unsaturated
How do you test for an saturated hydrocarbon?
Add bromine water
Orange to colourless if saturated.
Homologous series are…
A family of compounds with the same functional group.
