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Chemistry > Alkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are Alkanes obtained from?

A

Alkanes are obtained directly from the fractional distillation of crude oil

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2
Q

What does Saturated Hydrocarbons mean?

A

Saturated= C-C
Hydrocarbons: A compound containing only Hydrogen and Carbon.

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3
Q

What are the properties of Alkanes?

A
  • general formula: CnH2n+2
  • carbon-carbon single bond only
  • Successive members differ by- CH2 hroup
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4
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes and how to calculate?

A

General formula: CnH2n+2
How: n= No.of carbon atoms

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5
Q

remember the prefixes: Must Eat peanut Butter and the suffix for Alkanes

What are the four different Alkanes?

A

Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane

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6
Q

follow the chem formula in order to draw the structure

What is the chemical formula and structural formula for Methane?

A

CH4
description: One C in the middle and 4 hydrogen atoms are linked to the C (carbon) in the middle

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7
Q

What is the chemical formula and structural formula for Ethane?

A

Chemical formula: C2H6
Description for structural formula: C-C and the three other bonds are taken up by the Hydrogen atoms, looks like a capital H.

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8
Q

What is the Chemical and structural formula for propane?

A

C3H8
Description: Three carbon atoms that are single bond to each other and the rest of the bonds are taken up by the hydrogen atoms

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9
Q

What is the chemical and structural fornmula for Butane?

A

C4H10
description: 4 carbon atoms single bond to each other and rest of the bonds are taken up by Hydrogen atoms

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10
Q

What are the two reactions that Alkanes are reactive in?

A
  • Combustion
  • Subsitution by Chlorine
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11
Q

What is the word equation for complete combustion of Alkanes?

A

Methane + oxygen-> Carbon Dioxide+ Water

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12
Q

What is the colour of the flame for complete combustion of Alkanes?

A

Blue flame

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13
Q

What happens during incomplete Combustion?

A

Alkanes burn in limited amount of air with a yellow smoky flame

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14
Q

What are the possible products from incomplete combustion of Alkanes?

A
  • carbon (soot)
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Water
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15
Q

What are the two possible word equations for incomplete combustion of Alkanes?

A

methane+oxygen= carbon Monoxide (CO) + Water
or
Methane+Oxygen= Carbon + Water

Just remember that Carbon monoxide is produced from the incomplete combustion of a carbon coinating substance

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16
Q

What is the subsitution by Chlorine about?

A

Each hyrdogen in an Alkane is replaced one at a time by one molecule of Chlorine ti form Chloroalkanes.

17
Q

What conditions must be met for the Subsitution by Chlorine to take place?

A
  • The reaction must take place in the presence of Sunlight (UV light) as the catalyst
18
Q

Referring to chlorine subsitution

Describe what happens in the first stage?

A

One Hydrogen atom from (Methane) is displaced to form (Chloromethane)

19
Q

What is the chemical equation for the first stage?

A

CH4 + Cl2->CH3Cl+ HCL

Methane+Chlorine (Diatomic element)= Chloromethane + hydrochloric acid

20
Q

Describe what happens in the second stage of subsitution?

A

The second hydrogen is displaced from Chloromethane to form Dichloromethane.

Di means 2

21
Q

What is the chemical equation for the second stage?

A

CH3Cl + Cl2-> CH2Cl2 + HCL

22
Q

Describe the third stage for subsitution

U can also draw it out if want. Remeber to write UV above the arrow.

A

The third hydrogen is displaced from Dichlormethane to form trichloromethane.

23
Q

What is the chemical equation for the third stage?

A

CH2Cl2 + Cl2-> CHCl3 + HCL

24
Q

Describe what happens in the 4th stage of subsitution?

A

The fourth Hydrogen is displaced from trichloromethane to form tetrachloromethane.

25
Q

What is the chemical equation for the 4th stage?

A

CHCl3 + Cl2-> CCl4 + HCL

26
Q

What is the overall chemical equation for Chlorine subsitution reaction? Using Methane as an example.

A

CH4 + 4Cl2-> CCl4 + 4HCL

27
Q

Explain why Alkanes are not reactive generally?

A
  • Alkanes contain Carbon-Carbon single bonds.
  • Each Carbon atoms are already covalently bonded to fo four other atoms.
  • Hence, no new atom can be added to each carbon already.

Chemistry (7 decks)

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