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MOD 2 - Pharmacognosy > Alkaloids > Flashcards

Alkaloids Flashcards

1
Q

Physostigma venenosum

A

Physostigmine or Eserine
Calobar/ordeal bean
Tx of glaucoma

Indole alkaloid

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2
Q

Rauwolfia serpentina

A

reserpine
hypotensive agent
ADR: sedation

Indole alkaloid

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3
Q

claviceps purpurea

A

ergot (parasitic method)
rye/secale

ergotamine - anti-migraine
ergonovine - oxytocic
LSD - hallucinogen

Indole alkaloid

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4
Q

claviceps paspali

A

ergot (saprophytic method)
rye/secale

ergotamine - anti-migraine
ergonovine - oxytocic
ergotoxine - vasorelaxation
LSD - hallucinogen

Indole alkaloid

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5
Q

strychnos nux vomica

A

nux vomica

strychnine - cns stimulant
brucine - alcohol denaturant

Indole alkaloid

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6
Q

catharantus spp/ periwinkle chichirica

A

catharanthus (old) / vinca

vincristine and vinblastine (antineoplastics)

Indole alkaloid

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7
Q

yohimbine

A

for male erectile dysfunction
Indole alkaloid

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8
Q

alkaloids: precursor is tryptophan

A

indole alkaloids

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9
Q

aka glyoxaline alkaloids

A

imidazole alkaloids

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10
Q

alkaloids: precursor is histidine

A

imidazole alkaloids

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11
Q

pilocarpus jaborandi

A

pilocarpine
hygroscopic

imidazole alkaloid

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12
Q

pilocarpus microphyllus

A

pilocarpine
hygroscopic

imidazole alkaloid

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13
Q

aka xanthine alkaloids

A

purine alkaloids

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14
Q

1,3,7 - trimethylxanthine

A

coffee bean: coffee arabica
kola nuts: cola nitida

caffeine
CNS stimulant

purine/xanthine alkaloid

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15
Q

1,3- dimethylyxanthine

A

camellia sinensis
theophylline
tx of bronchial asthma

purine/xanthine alkaloid

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16
Q

3,7-dimethylxanthine

A

theobroma cacao
theobromine
diuretic & smooth muscle relaxant

purine/xanthine alkaloid

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17
Q

protoalkaloids

A

alkaloidal amines

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18
Q

all are solids except ____ which are liquids

A

coniine, nicotine, sparteine

19
Q

Lophophora williamsii

A

mescal button/ peyote
mescaline: hallucinogen

alkaloidal amines

20
Q

ephedra sinica

A

ephedra/ ma huang
ephedrine: bronchodilator

alkaloidal amines

21
Q

colchicum atumnale

A

colchicum
colchicine: gout

alkaloidal amines

22
Q

catha edulis

A

kath/ abyssinian tea
cathinone - similar to amphetamine

alkaloidal amines

23
Q

conium maculatum

A

coniine
aka poison hemlock

pyridine-piperidine alkaloids

24
Q

nicotania tabacum

A

nicotine
tobacco
smoking deterrent

pyridine-piperidine alkaloids

25
Q

areca catechu

A

aka areca palm or betel nut palm
arecoline

anthelmintic/ antiparasite/ tineazide

pyridine-piperidine alkaloids

26
Q

lobelia inflata

A

indian tobacco
lobeline
smoking deterrent

pyridine-piperidine alkaloids

27
Q

leucaena leucocephala

A

lead tree/ leucana
ipil-ipil

anthelmintic/ antiparasite/ tineazide

pyridine-piperidine alkaloids

28
Q

duboisia myoporoides

A

duboisia
chief source of atropine

Tropane alkaloid

29
Q

atropa belladonna

A

belladonna
atropine/hyocyamine
racemic
anticholinergic, mydriatic

Tropane alkaloid

30
Q

mandragora officinarum

A

european mandrake
Tropane alkaloid

31
Q

datura stramonium

A

stramonium/ jimson weed
anticholinergic

Tropane alkaloid

32
Q

hyoscyamus niger

A

hyoscyamus/henbane
parasymaptholythic

Tropane alkaloid

33
Q

withania somnifera

A

withania
sedative

Tropane alkaloid

34
Q

erythroxylon coca

A

cocaine
divine incas plant
anaesthetic

Tropane alkaloid

35
Q

hyoscine

A

scopolamine
tx for motion sickness
component of truth serum

Tropane alkaloid

36
Q

veratrum viride

A

green hellebore
cardiac depressant

Steroidal alkaloid

37
Q

veratrum album

A

white hellebore/ european hellebore
hypotensive agent, insecticide

steroidal alkaloid

38
Q

cinchona succiriba

A

cinchona
quinine

quinoline alkaloids

39
Q

cephalis ipecacuanha

A

ipecac
emetine- emetic
15 mL child, 30 mL adult

isoquinoline alkaloids

40
Q

sanguinaria canadensis

A

sanguinaria/blood root
sanguinarine - emetix/expectorant

isoquinoline alkaloids

41
Q

papaver somniferum

A

opium/stone of immortality

paregoric- camphorated opium tincture
laudanum- opium tincture
dover’s powder- ipecac + opium

morphine, codeine,thebaine

opiates (natural) and opioids (synthetic)

isoquinoline alkaloids

42
Q

strychnos castelnaei

A

curare/ south american arrow poison
tubocurarine

isoquinoline alkaloids

43
Q

hydrastis canadensis

A

hydrastis/ golden seal
hydrastine - astringent

isoquinoline alkaloids

MOD 2 - Pharmacognosy (6 decks)

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