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OB - abdominal anatomy > alimentary system tissues > Flashcards

alimentary system tissues Flashcards

1
Q

three key cell types in gi tract with function

A

modified epithelium = for secretion/ absorption/ protection
immune system = 70% of body immune system in gut
stem cells = regeneration

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2
Q

features of epithelial lining of gut

A
  • secretes mucus for lubrication and protection
  • secreted hcl, hormones and enzymes for activity of digestive system
  • absorbs products of digestion
  • tight junctions form barrier
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3
Q

features of gut for protection

A
  • highly developed immune system = GALT
  • diffuse immune cells = lymphocytes, macrophages
  • organised lymphoid structures = tonsils, appendix
  • paneth cells in small intestine
  • acidity of gastric juice
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4
Q

features of stem cells

A
  • capable of renewing the entire cell population
  • maintain and renew cells constantly
  • self renew, proliferate and differentiate
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5
Q

4 layers of the GI tract

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

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6
Q

mucosa features

A

epithelial lining
lamina propria
smooth muscle

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7
Q

submucosa features

A

connective tissue with blood and lymph vessels, nerve plexus

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8
Q

muscularis features

A

circular internal layer
nerve plexus
longitudinal external layer

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9
Q

serosa features

A

connective tissue with mesothelium lining

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10
Q

innervation of the gi tract

A

enteric nervous system

self sufficient but modulated by ANS

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11
Q

two plexus and functions

A 
meissners = submucosal (secretory function, mucosal movement, blood flow)
auerbachs = myenteric (between muscle layers, controls peristalsis )
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12
Q

epithelium in oesophagus

A

stratified squamous

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13
Q

function of oesophagus

A

muscular tube to move food along

folded in relaxed state

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14
Q

what does the lamina propria contain in the oesophagus

A

mucus producing cells with secretory granules
to lubricate epithelium
houses GALT system

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15
Q

other specialised cell in oesophagus mucosa

A

langerhans cell

antigen presenting cells, phagocytes

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16
Q

oesophagus submucosa features

A

oesophageal glands with mucous and serous cells

mucus contains pepsinogen and lysozymes

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17
Q

oesophagus muscularis and connective tissue features

A

muscularis has both smooth and skeletal muscle

connective tissue -> adventitia blends into surrounding connective tissue

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18
Q

stomach function

A

processing food into thick acidic fluid = chyme

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19
Q

what are rugae

A

lining of the stomach

folds of mucosa and sub mucosa

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20
Q

4 regions of stomach

A

cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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21
Q

what is the funds filled with

A

gas

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22
Q

stomach epithelium type

A

columnar

23
Q

specialised invaginations into the mucosa

A

gastric pits
open into gastric glands
increase SA

24
Q

6 cells type in stomach

A 
surface epithelium 
mucous neck cells 
parietal
chief
regenerative stem
neuroendocrine
25
Q

function of surface lining cells

A

thick layer of visible mucus
secreter granules
also secrete bicarbonate

26
Q

function of mucus neck cells

A

more soluble mucus
lubricates chyme
protects cells from acid and enzymes

27
Q

function of regenerative cells

A

replace all specialised cells

interspersed among neck cells

28
Q

function of parietal cells

A

manufacture Hcl and gastric IF, extensive secreter network

29
Q

function of chief cells

A

manufacture enzymes

short blunt microvilli

30
Q

function of neuroendocrine cells

A

manufacture hormones
open/closed type
each type secretes one agent
especially gastrin

31
Q

lamina propria in stomach

A

thin

lots of capillaries, nerve fibres and lymphatics

32
Q

muscularis layer features stomach

A

3 layers of smooth muscle

fibres in longitudinal, circular and oblique directions

33
Q

adaptations of cardia region

A

short or simple branched glands with mucus secreting cells and a few parietal

34
Q

adaptations of fundus region

A

branched tubular gastric glands (mucus neck, parietal, chief and endocrine)

35
Q

adaptations of pylorus

A

shorter branched pyloric glands

secrete mucus, gastrin and somatostatin

36
Q

plicae circulares in small intestine

A

transverse folds

particular prominent in jejunum

37
Q

villi in small intestine

A

epithelial covered finger like protrusions of mucosa

glands of lieberkuhn at base

38
Q

microvilli in small intestine

A

modifications of apical plasmalemma on villi of epithelial cells

39
Q

crypts of lieberkuhn small intestine

A

invaginations into lamina propria

intestinal glands

40
Q

main cell type in small intestine

A

enterocytes = columnar epithelium

41
Q

enterocytes adaptations

A

absorptive cells with burst border

lamina propria forms core of villus, highly vascularised, contain lacteals

42
Q

microvilli structure

A

contain cytoplasm and microfilaments
actin filaments act as structural core
structural core attached to plasma membrane by myosin and calmodulin

43
Q

other cell types in small intestine r

A 
goblet cells = produce mucus, protect
neuroendocrine cells 
stem cells
paneth cells = host defence cells (antimicrobial)
44
Q

features of submucosa of duodenum

A

has Bruner’s glands
produce mucus, bicarbonate rich fluid to protect cells
final breakdown of fats/carbs

45
Q

lymphoid tissue of small intestine

A

GALT well developed

46
Q

ileum lymphoid tissue specifics

A

peyers patchers = lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells

M cells = specialised epithelial cells that perform cellular surveillance of antigens

47
Q

large intestine muscular coat

A

3 distinct strips

allow segments to contract independently = taenia coli

48
Q

what does the large intestine lack

A

no folds
no villi
no nutrients absorbed

49
Q

what are haustra

A

small segmental pouches on the surface of the large intestine

50
Q

large intestine glands

A

deep glands
lined by specialised columnar
extensive goblet and absorptive cells, a few neuroendocrine

51
Q

what are appendices epiploicae

A

small outpourings of adipose tissue in serous layer

help identify large intestine

52
Q

colon specifics

A

lots of crypts, but no gland s

surface absorptive, goblet and regenerative cells

53
Q

turnover rate of cells

A

complete regeneration from stem cells in crypts every 2-6days

OB - abdominal anatomy (4 decks)

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