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OB - abdominal anatomy > Abdominal anatomy > Flashcards

Abdominal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

divisions of the abdomen locations

A

mid clavicular line
subcostal line = L3
trans tubercular plane = L5

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2
Q

divisions of abdomen

A

hypochondrium -> epigastric -> hypochondrium
lumbar -> umbilical -> lumbar
iliac/inguinal -> pubic/hypogastric -> iliac/inguinal

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3
Q

surface anatomy of liver

A

in RUQ with left lobe racing LUQ

gallbladder lies in the transpyloric plane (L1) close to right lateral edge of rectus abdominus

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4
Q

surface anatomy of stomach

A

LUQ with pylori crossing midline

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5
Q

surface anatomy of caecum

A

RLQ

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6
Q

surface anatomy of descending colon

A

Left lumbar region

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7
Q

muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall

A

external oblique -> forms the inguinal ligament

deeper muscles are the internal oblique and transverses abdominus

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8
Q

layers of abdominal wall

A 
parietal peritoneum
deep fascia 
3x muscles
superficial fascia 
skin
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9
Q

muscles of anterior abdominal wall

A

rectus abdominus

contained in a sheath, join at midline, from costal margins to pubis

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10
Q

nerve supply of anterior abdominal wall

A

lateral cutaneous branches (T7-12) and anterior cutaneous branches
ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves from L1, innervating lower abdominal muscles

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11
Q

entering the inguinal canal

A

testis/spermatic cord in makes and round ligament of the uterus in females pass through an out-pouching of transversus fascia through the deep inguinal ring and into the inguinal canal (inguinal canal connects abdomen and scrotum)

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12
Q

inguinal ligament/ canal position

A 
ligament = between the pubic tubercle and the anterior superior iliac spine 
canal = between the mid inguinal point and above the pubic tubercle
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13
Q

inguinal hernia

A 
indirect = tissue goes through deep ring -> superficial. occurs if the inguinal canal has not closed properly 
direct = abdominal contents push through weakness in abdominal wall, out of superficial ring
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14
Q

parts of posterior abdominal wall

A

diaphragm

psoas major, iliacus, quadratus lumborum

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15
Q

neurovascular plane in abdominal wall

A

above arcuate line

between the internal oblique and transversus abdominus, containing nerves and arteries

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16
Q

inferior anterior abdominal wall supplied by

A

inferior epigastric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries

17
Q

superior part of anterior abdominal wall supplied by

A

superior epigastric artery, branch of internal thoracic and branches from 10/11 intercostal

18
Q

inferior part of abdominal wall drained by

A

3 superficial inguinal veins -> great saphenous

19
Q

superior part of abdominal wall drained by

A

superficial epigastric vein and lateral thoracic

20
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

thin, single layer of mesothelium that covers the internal surfaces of the abdominal wall (parietal) and the organs (visceral)

21
Q

peritoneal cavity filled by

A

peritoneal fluid

lubricates the layers, allowing for movement of organs

22
Q

function of peritoneum

A

support of viscera
fat storage
sealing off infected bowel segments

23
Q

peritoneal ligaments + examples

A 
double layers of peritoneal membrane
falciform = liver -> ant. wall 
gastrophrenic = stomach -> diaphragm 
gastrosplenic = stomach -> spleen
gastrocolic = part of greater omentum, stomach -> transverse Colin
24
Q

what is mesentery

A

double layered flap of peritoneum

contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, fat stores

25
Q

what is the omentum

A

double layered segment of peritoneum that attaches the stomach to other organs
lesser = liver, stomach, duodenum
greater = large flap of tissue, stomach and duodenum to transverse colon

26
Q

sacs created by greater and lesser omentum

A 
lesser = behind stomach and lesser omentum
greater = anterior cavity of abdomen
27
Q

intraperitoneal organs

A 
stomach
first part of duodenum
jejunum and ileum
caecum and appendix
transverse colon 
sigmoid colon 
liver and gall bladder
tail of pancreas 
spleen
28
Q

retroperitoneal

A 
2,3,4 parts of duodenum
ascending and descending colon
head, neck, body of pancreas
rectum and anus
kidneys and ureters 
suprarenal gland
aorta and IVC
29
Q

foregut specifics

A

blood from coeliac trunk
sympathetic nerves T5-T9
inferior oesophagus to 2nd part of duodenum

30
Q

midgut specifics

A

superior mesenteric artery
sympathetic nerves T10-11
midway along duodenum to 2/3 of transverse colon

31
Q

hindgut specifics

A

inferior mesenteric artery
nerves T12-L1
from last 1/3 of transverse colon and rectum

32
Q

space between layers of peritoneum

A

contains mesentery linkage = fat, blood vessels, nerves
maintains position of transverse, sigmoid colon and small intestine
reduces friction
protection

OB - abdominal anatomy (4 decks)

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