Alimentary System: Slide Notes Flashcards
Event though it’s usually a genetic condition,
Cleft Palate (Palatoschisis) occurrence in cows
can be increased by what?
Teratogenic plants:
Lupines
Poison hemlock
Most animals with palatoschisis die from
Aspiration pneumonia
“Harelip” commonly found in calves is also known as
Cheiloschisis
A protruding tongue is a sign of this abnormality
in calves
Cheiloschisis
“Cleft lip/ Harelip”
Prognathia and bradygnathia lead to
________, the failure of the upper and lower incisors
to interdigitate
malocclusions
The loss of tooth structure caused by mastication
is called ________
Dental attrition
Abnormal wearing of teeth is common in
herbivores and can lead to this condition
Step mouth
Reduced bone level, exposure of the tooth root,
plaque, and tarter are all characteristic of
______ disease
periodontal
In small animals, lingual lesions are often a
manifestation of a systemic disease,
like ______ disease, which causes Uremic Glossitis
Renal disease
Lymphoplasmacytic gingivitis and stomatitis in a cat
is associated with these 3 diseases
Feline panleukopenia
FIV
Calicivirus
Exposure of the lamina propria in this
erosive-ulcerative stomatitides disease
is an important feature in cows
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
In Bovine Papular Stomatitis
caused by Parapoxvirus,
the raised lesions on the nares, muzzle, and oral cavity
are due to this epithelial cell response to insult
Hyperplasia
Contagious Ecthyma, common in young
lambs and goats ages 3 - 6 months old,
is also known and Orf, and _______,
and is caused by a Parapoxvirus
which can also affect the coronary bands
sore mouth
T/F:
Contagious Ecthyma is a zoonotic disease
TRUE!!!
PAS stain is used to stain _______ bacteria
filamentous bacteria
like
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Eosinophilic Cheilitis or “Rodent Ulcer” in cats
is a common condition caused by an
immune mediated response to
_______ therapy
corticosteroid
Gingival hyperplasia is relatively common in this breed of dog, and it is NOT a tumor, it is NON-neoplastic
Boxers
Tumors of the periodontal ligament type stroma
Epulis
This oral neoplasia behaves like Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and are locally aggressive and
recur after excision
Acanthomatous ameloblastoma
Oral melanomas have a ______ prognosis.
Melanomas of the nail beds have the same prognosis
POOR
Megaesophagus, the dilation of the esophagus,
is common in dogs, and especially in this breed
German shepherd
The ligamentum arteriosum connects the
________ to the aorta
and is implicated in constricting the esophagus
in PRAA (Persistent Right Aortic Arch)
Pulmonary trunk
In large animals experiencing Choke,
where is the food most likely getting stuck?
Thoracic inlet
What are 2 common complications associated with
traumatic reticuloperitonitis (Hardware Disease) ?
Chronic pericarditis
Epicarditis
Obstruction of ______ flow is what causes
the intraluminal hemorrhage in
GDV (Gastric Dilation Volvulus)
venous
Describe the pathogenesis of
cutaneous mast cell tumors leading to gastric ulcers
in dogs
Tumor causes release of histamine into the blood
Which binds to receptors on parietal cells in the stomach
Which increases HCl secretion
Which causes ulcers to develop
Bacterial gastritis/abomasitis is seen in
lambs infected with Clostridium septicum
and in dogs and cats with
______ disease
renal
Gastric squamous cell carcinoma in horses
arise from surface epithelium in the
______ portion of the stomach
esophageal
Lymphosarcomas are commonly found in the
________, making melena a common clinical sign
due to ulceration
abomasum
In atresia coli, an animal cannot defecate.
In atresia ani, the animal can defecate through
the _______
vulva
Intestinal stragulation in horses is not
uncommon and is usually caused by
these benign tumors
pedunculated lipomas
Peyer’s patch necrosis in cattle has
________ morbidity and _______ mortality
Low morbidity
HIGH mortality
In North America, there is a “Sheep-Associated”
form of this disease, caused by bovine herpesvirus 2
in North American Cattle.
Malignant Catarrhal Fever
Histologically, what do you expect to see in
a Malignant Catarrhal Fever infection
in several organs?
Prominent lymphocytic perivascular infiltrates
Enteric coronaviral infections are a common cause of
diarrhea in neonatal calves and can act alone or in combination with these two other agents
- Rotavirus*
- Cryptosporidium*
TGE causes severe intestinal villus blunting and
____ mortality in young piglets
HIGH mortality
Rotavirus causes diarrhea in all species of young
animals, and causes damage to
_____________ resulting in
variable degrees of villous atrophy
surface enterocytes
Parvovirus enteritis causes destruction of the
cells of the intestinal _____, and is hemorrhagic because of the loss of enterocytes
crypts
Parvovirus enteritis in cats
causes primary lesions of the bone marrow
and targets the cells of the
__________
intestinal lining
Parvovirus can cause _____ inclusions
intranuclear inclusions in Parvovirus
Feline infectious peritonitis is a very important disease in cats. What are the two forms?
Wet Form (Effusive)
Dry Form (Non-effusive)
Which form of FIP causes pyogranulomatous lesions?
The DRY, NON-EFFUSIVE form of FIP
causes pyogranulomatous lesions
E.coli is an important cause of enteritis in neonatal animals.
The virulence factors affect the
________ surface of ________
E. coli
APICAL surface of ENTEROCYTES
Which form of colibacillosis causes
loss of electrolytes and leads to secretory diarrhea
due to the increased enterocyte secretion?
Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis
Edema disease in Swine,
an enterotoxemic colibacillosis, is characterized by
verotoxin which causes ______ cell injury in arterioles
resulting in fluid loss and edema
ENDOTHELIAL cell injury
Edema Disease of Swine (E. coli)
causes _________ edema and
_________ edema in brain cells
Periocular edema
Perivascular edema in brain cells
Clostridial enteritis in a chicken causes
widespread necrosis of the _____ layer of intestines
and is caused by Clostridium perfringens Type ___
superficial layer
Type A
T/F:
All Salmonella species are pathogenic, zoonotic, and cause nosocomial infections.
Feces have a “septic tank” odor and contain
mucous, fibrin, and blood
TRUE!
A common sequela of Salmonellosis in a horse
is Embolic Mycotic Pneumonia. The fungi
that causes this are _________, meaning have
an affinity for blood vessels
angioinvasive
A common sequela of Salmonellosis in pigs
is button ulcers which are found in both the
small and large intestine. Rectal strictures lead to
these three important signs
Fecal Retention
Megacolon
Abdominal Distension
Proliferative ileitis in a pig is caused by
Lawsonia intracellularis
which affects the surface of _______
causing a cerebriform appearance.
If seen in a cow, your number one differential should be Johne’s Disease
enterocytes
Proliferative Porcine Enteritis caused by
Lawsonia intracellularis
microscopically causes thickening of the mucosa
due to ________ of the enterocytes that line the
intestinal glands
hyperplasia
Lesions caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
(Swine Dysentery) are seen mainly in the
______ intestine
large
Rhodococcus equi which causes enterocolitis
in foals is associated with pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals, and ______ in horses
OSTEOMYELITIS
In addition to ulcerative pyogranulomatous lesions in
the small intestine and colon, Rhodococcus equi
causes an enlargement of the ____________,
and the bacteria can be seen within the cytoplasm
lymph nodes
Rhodococcus equi infection is more likely to cause
_____ syndrome than _____ syndrome
More likely to cause
respiratory syndrome than intestinal syndrome
What is seen histologically in a goat with
Johne’s Disease?
Acid fast positive organisms within macrophages
because this is the main inflammatory response.
The bacteria are seen around the lymph vessels
What type of diarrheal mechanism is seen in calves
with Cryptosporidiosis, a protozoal infection of the
apical surface of enterocytes?
MALABSORPTIVE diarrhea
Anoplocephala perfoliata an occasional cause of
colic in horses, can cause
______ of the ileum
and
_____ intussusception
hypertrophy of the ileum
and
cecocolic intussusception
