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4th Semester: Pathology II > Alimentary System > Flashcards

Alimentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Central defect in the midline fusion of the palatine shelves that results in communication between oral and nasal cavities.

A

Cleft Palate

(Palatoschisis)

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2
Q

Short lower jaw

A

Brachygnathia

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3
Q

Protrusion of lower jaw

A

Prognathia

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4
Q

A primary disease of the tongue

seen primarily in cattle

and is characterized histologically by

Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon

A

Actinobacillois

Actinobacillus ligniersii

“Wooden Tongue”

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5
Q

Radiating clubs of amorphous eosinophilic material

found in histology of Actinobacillosis

A

Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon

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6
Q

What is the etiology of Thrush?

A

Candida albicans

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7
Q

Young animals treated with antibiotics for

long periods of time are prone to development of

this disease of the tongue

A

Thrush

Candidiasis

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8
Q

Lingual lesions are usually a manifestion of

_______ disease

A

systemic

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9
Q

Inflammation of the mouth or lips is called

A

Stomatitis

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10
Q

What is the etiology of Vesicular Glossitis

in a cat?

A

Calicivirus

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11
Q

What do you expect to see histologically in

an animal with

Viral Vesicular Stomatitides?

A

Ballooning Degeneration

(Intracellular edema in keratinocytes)

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Foot and Mouth Disease?

A

Picornavirus

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13
Q

While Foot and Mouth Disease, a reportable disease,

is seen in ruminants and pigs,

it is NEVER seen in

A

Horses

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14
Q

The malignant form of this disease of young animals

is characterized by myocardial necrosis, also

known as “Tiger Heart”

A

Foot and Mouth Disease

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15
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Malignant Catarrhal Fever

in cows both can manifest as

this condition, caused by Rhabdovirus

A

Vesicular Stomatitis

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16
Q

You have a pig with blistering and sloughing of the nose. What is your primary differential, and what is

the etiology?

A

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES)

Calicivirus

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17
Q

What is the etiology of Swine Vesicular Disease?

A

Enterovirus

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18
Q

One of your cows presents with

papules on her nares, muzzle, and oral cavity.

The papules are “coin-shaped”.

Upon histology, ballooning degeneration with intracytoplasmic inclusions is noted.

What is your cow sufferering from and what is the etiology?

A

Bovine Papular Stomatitis

Parapoxvirus

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19
Q

You notice lesions in the corners of the mouths

of your 3 month old lambs, and 6 month old goats.

You’ve also noticed they are losing weight.

What is your number 1 differential and etiology?

A

Contagious Ecthyma (ORF)

Parapoxvirus

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20
Q

Necrotizing Stomatitis in young cattle, also known as

Calf Diphtheria, is caused by which gram-negative,

opportunistic, residential pathogen of the alimentary

tract?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

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21
Q

What stain is used to show

Fusobacterium necrophorum

filamentous bacteria on histology?

A

PAS Stain

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22
Q

T/F:

Gingival Hyperplasia is a neoplastic proliferative

lesion of the oral cavity

A

FALSE

It is NON-neoplastic

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23
Q

Tumors of the periodontal ligament are called

A

Epulis

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24
Q

Which types of Epulis are BENIGN?

A

Fibromatous and Ossifying Epulis

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25
Q

Oral Melanomas are most common in

______ and about 90% of oral melanomas

in this species are MALIGNANT

A

DOGS

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26
Q

This congenital disorder is caused when the

ligamentum arteriosum cuts off the esophagus.

It is commonly seen in animals with

PRAA (Persistent Right Aortic Arch)

A

Congenital Megaesophagus

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27
Q

Sometimes, Megaesophagus can be acquired.

An example in dogs of an acquired megaesophagus

is due to manifestation of this disease.

A

Myasthenia gravis

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28
Q

Impaction of the esophagus, usually in large animals

is known as

A

CHOKE

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29
Q

T/F:

Choke is more serious in horses and requires

immediate medical treatment

A

FALSE

Choke is more serious in CATTLE

Failure to eructate can lead to development

of Gas-Free Bloat

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30
Q

This disease can be a cause of

Erosive-Ulcerative Esophagitis

in cows

A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

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31
Q

Parasitic Esophagitis, caused by

________ in dogs, results in

chronic granulomatous esophagitis

and can occasionally lead to neoplastic transformation

A

Spirocerca lupi

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32
Q

If you have an Esophageal Osteosarcoma in a dog,

a parasitic cause could be:

A

Spirocerca lupi

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33
Q

Over-distension of the rumen and reticulum

by gases produced during fermentation

is called “Bloat” or _________

A

Ruminal Tympany

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34
Q

This is the most reliable post-mortem

indicator of ante-mortem bloat

A

Bloat line

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35
Q

Which type of Ruminal Tympany is often

associated with new diets that promote

formation of stable foam?

A

Primary Ruminal Tympany

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36
Q

Vagus Indigestion, Esophageal Papillomas, and Lymphosarcoma, are all potential causes of this type of Ruminal Tympany caused by physical or functional obstruction of the esophagus resulting in failure to eructate

A

Secondary Ruminal Tympany

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37
Q

Also known as “Hardware Disease”, this condition develops primarily in mature dairy cows as a

consequence of perforation of the reticulum by

a sharp metal object, like baling wire

A

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis

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38
Q

What is the agent that produces large amounts of lactic acid causing Chemical Rumenitis in Cattle?

A

Streptococcus bovis

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39
Q

Chemical Rumenitis is also known as

A

Grain Overload

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40
Q

“Stellate ulcers” or Ruminal scars

are indicative of this disease of the

ruminant forestomachs

A

Chemical Rumenitis

“Grain Overload”

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41
Q

This life-threatening condition is most

common in large, deep-chested breeds of dogs

and can also be seen in sows following excessive intake of food and subsequent immediate physical activity

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus (GDV)

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42
Q

Abomasal Displacement occurs most commonly

in

A

post-partrurient dairy cows

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43
Q

The most common form of abomasal displacement is the _____-sided form and it is usually

non-fatal

A

left-sided abomasal displacement

44
Q

Most cases of gastric rupture are in

_____ and due to

intestinal obstructions (ileus)

A

horses

45
Q

Pigs fed finely ground rations with a high wheat

component are prone to developing what condition?

A

Gastric ulcerations

46
Q

What is the main cause of gastric ulcers in horses?

A

NSAIDS

(which decrease prostaglandins which have a protective role in the mucosa)

47
Q

This tumor can lead to gastric ulceration in a dog

A

Cutaneous mast cell tumors

48
Q

Uremic gastritis seen in dogs and cats, is related to renal disease and causes

widespread gastric mineralization,

which can be seen histologically by using

this stain

A

Von Kossa

49
Q

Abomasitis in a lamb is called Braxy/Bradsot and is

caused by this agent, which is responsible for

the necro-hemorrhagic and submucosal emphysematic components of the disease.

A

Clostridium septicum

50
Q

Mycotic Gastritis/Abomasitis is seen in

ruminents and is often a sequela to

_________________________

which destroys resident flora and promotes the growth of angioinvasive fungi such as

Aspergillus

A

Long-term antibiotic therapy

51
Q

Parasitic gastritis in horses is usually caused by this

agent, and can cause erosive-ulcerative lesions

A
  • Gastrophilus intestinalis*
  • Gastrophilis intestinalis*
52
Q

This condition is caused by Ostertagia ostertagii

and is seen as a “Moroccan Leather” appearance of

the abomasal mucosa

A

Proliferative Hyperplastic Abomasitis

53
Q

This condition, seen in horses

is caused by Draschia megastoma

and a brood pouch of this spirurid nematode is seen

near to the margo plicatus

A

Granulomatous Gastritis

54
Q

This trichostrongyloid nematode, also know as

the “Barber Pole Worm” causes a

Parasitic Abomasitis in Sheep and Goats

which often present with

bottle jaw (submandibular edema)

A

Haemonchus contortus

55
Q

Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinoma is seen most often in

A

HORSES

56
Q

The most common segmental anomaly

of the intestine of domestic animals

A

Atresia coli

57
Q

Complete occlusion/obliteration of the intestinal lumen

A

Atresia

58
Q

Imperforate anus can cause prominent megacolon

and is also known as

A

Atresia ani

59
Q

This is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder

most prevalent in the foals of American Paint Horses.

A

Lethal White Syndrome

60
Q

In this condition, there is an absence of

myenteric and submucosal parasympathetic ganglia

in the walls of the ileum, cecum, and colon

which causes intestinal immotility and colic

A

Lethal White Syndrome in foals

61
Q

Caused by a foreign body and composed of concentric lamellae of magnesium and

ammonium phosphate (struvite)

deposited around a central “nucleus”,

this acquired obstruction can weigh up to

10 kgs!

A

Enterolith

62
Q

What is a Trichobezoar?

A

A hairball in cattle

located in the forestomachs or abomasum

and can also be found in dogs and cats

63
Q

This acquired obstruction composed mainly of

plant material impregnated with phosphate salts

can be found in the colon of horses

A

Phytobezoars

or

Phytotrichobezoars

64
Q

An example of an

Acquired Stenosis (narrowing of a blood vessel)

within the GI Tract is a rectal stricture

which can have a bacterial etiology.

What is the etiology?

A

Salmonella

Chronic Salmonellosis

65
Q

An external hernia where the displaced

abomasal contents are NOT covered by parietal peritoneum or skin is called

A

Eventration

66
Q

A horse presents with severe colic

but it is completely unresponsive to

palliative treatment to control the pain.

What is your primary differential?

A

Intestinal intussusception

67
Q

Enteritis, Typhylitis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Typhocolitis,

and Proctitis are all terms used to describe specific

regions of inflammation of the _______

A

intestines

68
Q

BVD (Bovine Viral Diarrhea)

is caused by _____

and most cattle develop the mild or subclinical form

A

Pestivirus

69
Q

Peyer’s Patch Necrosis is a viral enteritis that

occurs commonly in PI animals. Affected cattle

are young, between the ages of 6 months to 2 years old. This disease is the most severe form of mucosal disease.

What is the etiology?

A

Salmonella typhi

70
Q

This disease is caused by

Gammaherpesvirus and affects ruminants.

It causes erosions and mucopurulent exudation of the intestinal tract as well as a fibrino-necrotizing vasculitis

A

Malignant Catarrha Fever (MCF)

71
Q

This disease in piglets is caused by a

Coronavirus which damages mucosal epithelium

resulting in severe villous atrophy (blunting) and fusion

A

TGE (Transmissible Gastroenteritis)

72
Q

Bone marrow lesions dominate the clinical findings of

Parvovirus Enteritis in cats, which is caused by

another virus…

A

Feline Panleukopenia Virus

73
Q

Cats and dogs with Parvovirus enteritis

have different clinical presentations.

Cats present with bone marrow lesions

while

Puppies present with ______ lesions

and necrotizing enteritis

A

intestinal

74
Q

A fatal viral disease in cats caused by a

Coronavirus and characterized by

enteric signs, like bloating

A

Feline Infectious Peritonitis

75
Q

________ is an important viral cause of neonatal diarrhea

and

__________ is an important bacterial cause of neonatal diarrhea

A
  • Coronavirus*
  • E. coli (bacteria)*
76
Q

This type of bacterial enteritis causes

secretory diarrhea in

neonatal pigs, calves, and lambs

A

Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis

77
Q

This type of colibacillosis occurs because of

failure of passive transfer of maternal antibodies

in neonatal calves, pigs, and foals.

Surprising, although being caused by E.coli,

enteritis is NOT common- but sudden death is

A

Septicemic colibacillosis

78
Q

Edema Disease in pigs is caused by this bacteria

A

E. coli

79
Q

Edema Disease (Enterotoxemic collibacillosis):

The bacteria endotoxin that causes endothelial

cell damage in arterioles resulting in

fluid loss, edema, and focal bilaterally symmetric

encephalomalacia in post- weaning pigs

A

VEROtoxin

80
Q

Clostridial Enterotoxemia

is caused by Clostridium _______

Types A - E

A

Clostridium perfringens

81
Q

What is the most common type of

Clostridial Enterotoxemia

and what toxin does it produce?

A

Type D is most common

Produces an angiotoxin called epsilon toxin

that causes intestinal lesions and

focal symmetrical encephalomalacia in Sheep

82
Q

A pig farmer wakes up to sheer chaos.

His most well nourished pigs are all either dead or

dying in their own bloody diarrhea.

Upon histology, necrotic villi are lined with gram

postive bacteria.

What is your primary differential?

A

Clostridial Enterotoxemia

caused by Clostridium perfringens

83
Q

Clostridium piliforme causes this disease

that occurs in multiple species and causes lesions

in the liver mainly, but also in the intestines and heart

A

Tyzzer’s Disease

84
Q

This is a typhlocolitis in horses and is the

result of Dysbacteriosis.

It is associated with dietary changes and antibiotic therapy which leads to proliferation of

  • Clostridium perfringens Type A*
  • and*
  • Clostridium difficile*
A

Colitis X

85
Q

Colitis X in horses

involves proliferation of what two toxigenic

gram positive bacilli bacteria?

A
  • Clostridium perfringens Type A*
  • and*
  • Clostridium difficile*
86
Q

T/F:

All Salmonella species are pathogenic

A

TRUE

87
Q

What is a common sequela of Salmonellosis

in horses?

A

Embolic mycotic pneumonia

88
Q

What is a common sequela of Salmonellosis

in pigs?

A

BUTTON ulcers!

89
Q

Lawsonia intracellularis causes this disease in pigs

A

Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy

90
Q

Pigs between the ages of 8 - 14 weeks old

are presenting with large bowel diarrhea

and feces with mucous and blood.

What is the name of this disease?

What is the etiology? The EDx?

A

Swine Dysentery

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

EDx: Spirochetal colitis

91
Q

A 6-week old foal presents with

suppurative pyogranulomatous pneumonia,

enteric umbilicated lesions, and regional lymphadenitis.

Histology shows bacteria within the cytoplasm of macrophages.

What is the etiology of this disease?

A

Rhodococcus equi Enterocolitis

92
Q

What is the etiology of Johne’s Disease?

A

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

93
Q

T/F:

Young animals are the most commonly affected animals of Johne’s Disease

A

FALSE

OLDER animals (>1.5 years old) are affected

94
Q

Your 2-year old cow presents with diarrhea and is starting to look thin. CBC shows hypoproteinemia

and histology of lesions found in the intestinal tract

show acid-fast organisms within the macrophages.

This disease causes granulomatous enteritis and

granulomatous lymphangitis. What is the disease and its etiology?

A

Johne’s Disease

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis

95
Q

Adherent and invasive E.coli is associated with

histioulcerative granulomatous colitis, which is

similar to human Crohn’s Disease

in this breed of dog

A

BOXER dogs

Granulomatous colitis

96
Q

What stain do you use to visualize the

gram negative coccobacilli within

macrophages

inside the lamina propria in Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs?

A

PAS Stain

97
Q

Diagnosis of this coccidial enteritis in calves

is made by finding protozoal organisms attached

to the apical surface of enterocytes

A

Cryptosporidiosis

Proliferative, Hemorrhagic, Necrotizing enteritis

98
Q

Which 2 species of hookworms infect dogs and

cause significant anemia and hypoproteinemia

due to their blood-sucking nature.

A
  • Anclystoma caninum*
  • Uncinaria stenocephala*
99
Q

The hookworm larvae of dogs can be found

in this substance

implicated in the maternal infection of puppies

A

Colostrum

100
Q

This hookworm species in horses

are found around and within the

ileocecal valve

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

101
Q

This species of whipworm can infect

all domestic animals and are found in the

cecum and colon. Severe infections lead to

bloody diarrhea, anemia, weight loss and dehydration

A

Trichuris spp.

102
Q

These roundworms of pigs can cause

“Milk Spotted Liver” and respiratory issues.

A

Ascaris suum

103
Q

Ascaris suum ______ worms penetrate the

intestinal mucosa

A

JUVENILE

104
Q

Most primary tumors of the intestine are

_________

A

carcinomas

105
Q

________ are the most common neoplasm

in cats. The alimentary form is the most common in cats.

A

Lymphosarcomas

106
Q

A ruptured lymphosarcoma can cause

fatal _________

A

peritonitis

4th Semester: Pathology II (3 decks)

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