Alimentary System

Question 1

What does the mucosa of the ileum consist of

Answer 1

three layers: epithelium, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa

Question 2

What are the two main cell types in the epithelium of the ileum

Answer 2

Absorptive and mucus secreting

Question 3

What is the adventitia of the ileum lined by?

Answer 3

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 4

How long does it take stem cells to migrate from the site of cell division to the apex of the villus

Answer 4

3-5 days

Question 5

What are Paneth cells

Answer 5

Specialise defence cells found at the base of the crypt of Lieberkühn

They secrete antimicrobial substances which are contained in eosinophilic apical granules

Question 6

There are a large number of cells in the loose connective tissue immediately below the epithelium of the ileum. What are these?

Answer 6

White blood cells, particularly lymphocytes

Question 7

What are the large aggregates of lymphoid tissue in the small intestine called

Answer 7

Peyer’s patches

Question 8

What is the main component of the submucosa

Answer 8

Collagen

Question 9

True or false

Each smooth muscle cell in the muscularis propria is fusiform

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What is each muscle fibre in the muscularis propria surrounded bye

Answer 10

A thin layer of connective tissue which transmits the force of contraction from fibre to fibre

Question 11

What are the 2 main functions of the tunica serosa

Answer 11

To secrete a watery, lubricating fluid which allows the folds of the intestines to move easily

Extends as a double layer to form the mesentery by which the gut is suspended in the body Kapity

Question 12

What are rugae

Answer 12

Substantial faults made up of large numbers of tubular glands in the mucosa

Question 13

What shape are oxyntic cells

Answer 13

Pear shaped with a central nucleus

Question 14

What are the three mechanisms of defence in the gastric mucosa

Answer 14

Mucus

Cells replaced by cell division

Rapid replacement of damaged surface

Question 15

Describe the connective tissue layers of the oesophagus

Answer 15

Has a protective stratified squamous epithelium and the muscle layers show transition from striated to smooth-muscle along the organ

Question 16

Describe the connective tissue of the body of the stomach

Answer 16

Has a glandular epithelium

The glands in the stomach are tubular

The muscle layers are well developed and made of smooth-muscle only

Question 17

Describe the connected tissue layers of the pylorus of stomach

Answer 17

CThe mucosa shows deep gastric pits and glands lined by numerous mucus secreting cells

Gastrin secreting cells are found scattered and monks the mucus cells, typically at the base of the glands

Question 18

Describe the connective-tissue of the duodenum

Answer 18

The epithelium covers the valley which project into the lumen and extend into Brunner’s glands.

These glands which are distinctive feature of the duodenum are present in large numbers in a submucosa beneath the muscularis mucosae

The two muscle layers are clearly distinguished

Question 19

What is the function of Brunners glands

Answer 19

Protection of the mucosa by secretion of an alkaline mucus which neutralises the acidic chyme received from the stomach

Question 20

How does the submucosa of the ileum differ from the duodenum

Answer 20

No submucosal glands present in ileum

Question 21

Describe the connective-tissue of the colon

Answer 21

The mucosa is lined by numerous straight tubular glands which extends down to the muscularis mucosa and which have two main types of cells: goblet cells and absorptive cells

Question 22

What is a distinctive feature of the oesophagus

Answer 22

Mucus secreting submucosal glands

Question 23

Are there glands in the lamina propria of the oesophageal mucosa

Answer 23

Yes especially near the stomach

These protect against acid reflux by producing a neutral mucus