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Veterinary Pathology > Alimentary - Oral > Flashcards

Alimentary - Oral Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes of upper alimentary lesions

A
  • Systemic diseases (icterus, anemia, shock)
  • Congentital abnormalities (dysplasias)
  • Infectious/Inflammatory (viral, bacterial, fungal, idiopathic, immune-mediated)
  • Direct or toxic/caustic injury (trauma, FB, chemical burn)
  • Proliferative/Neoplastic
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2
Q

Clinical signs of oral cavity lesions

A
  • Hypersalivation
  • Dysphagia
  • Anorexia
  • Weight loss
  • Morbidity
  • +/- mortality
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3
Q

Inflammation of gingiva

A

Gingivitis

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4
Q

Inflammation of periodontia (supporting structures of the tooth)

A

Periodontitis

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5
Q

Inflammation of bone surrounding teeth

A

Alveolitis / Osteomyelitis

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6
Q

Inflammation of oral cavity (in general)

A

Stomatitis

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7
Q

Inflammation of lips

A

Cheilitis

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8
Q

Inflammation of pharynx

A

Pharyngitis

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9
Q

Inflammation of salivary glands

A

Sialoadenitis

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10
Q

Inflammation of tonsils

A

Tonsilitis

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11
Q

General term for congenital deformities of the oral cavity

A

Dysplasias

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12
Q

Etiologies of dysplasias

A
  • Idiopathic (mutations)
  • Teratogens (toxins, nutritional, viral)
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13
Q

Dysplasias of the skull bones

A
  • Brachygnathism
  • Wry Nose (campylorrhinus lateralis)
  • Palatoschisis (cleft palate)
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14
Q

Dysplasias of soft tissue structures

A
  • Orofacial Clefts
  • Micro/macroglossia
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15
Q

Dysplasias of teeth

A
  • Odontodysplasia
  • Odontodystrophies
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16
Q
  • Maxilla is too short
  • Inherited genetic trait
  • Breed standard in some dogs - results in upper respiratory stenosis & dyspnea
  • Often LETHAL in horses
A

Maxillary Brachygnathism

aka brachygnathia superior

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17
Q
  • Mandible is too short
  • Inherited genetic trait
  • In horses - results in difficult prehension of food, NOT lethal
A

Brachygnathia Inferior

Parrot mouth

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18
Q

Short axial deviation of nasoincisive bones

A

Wry nose

Campylorrhinus lateralis

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19
Q
  • Incomplete axial fusion of palatine bones
  • Direct communication between oro- & nasopharynx
  • Results in difficulty suckling, aspiration into upper airways
A

Palatoschisis

Cleft Palate

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20
Q

Label

A

A - Dentine
B - Pulp
C - Periodontal ligament
D - Alveolar bone
E - Gingival sulcus
F - Gingiva
G - Enamel
H - Cementum

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21
Q
  • Low-crowned teeth with a crown above the gingiva, a constricted neck at the gum line, and a root embedded in the jawbone
  • E.g. humans, carnivores, pigs
A

Brachydont Teeth

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22
Q
  • High-crowned teeth with enamel extending past the gum line, providing extra material for wear and tear
  • E.g. cows, horses
A

Hypsodont Teeth

23
Q

Makes up the majority of mineralized tooth matrix

A

Dentine

24
Q

Deep outer edge of mineralized tooth matrix

A

Cementum

25
Q

Attaches cementum to alveolar bone

A

Periodontal Ligament

26
Q

Bony tooth “socket”

A

Alveolar bone

27
Q

Supernumerary (too many) teeth

A

Polyodontia

28
Q

Misalignment of tooth occlusal surfaces

A

Malocclusion

29
Q

Loss of tooth structure or tissue caused by tooth-on-tooth contact

A

Dental Attrition

30
Q

Stages of Periodontal Disease

A
  1. Dental Plaque - bacterial biofilm loosely adhered to enamel surface, resistant to removal by salive but can be brushed away
  2. Dental Calculus - tartar/mineralized plaque, mixture of saliva, calcium carbonate, bacteria & debris, firmly adhered to tooth surface, requires scaling to remove
  3. Dental Caries - cavities, erosions in mineralized tissues of teeth (enamel and dentin), due to enzymatic demineralization & degradation of tooth matrix, common in humans (differs from cellular/odontoclastic resorptive lesions)
  4. Gingivitis - inflammation of submucosa leading to gingival erosions, ulcers, recession (can lead to gingival hyperplasia), and tooth root exposure
  5. Periodontitis - K9/FE/PO>BV/EQ, deep persistent inflammation, destruction of periodontal ligament, tooth loosening, tooth loss
31
Q

Idiopathic but common oral disease in cats due to altered oral microbiome. Causes chronic gingivitis, periodontitis, & tooth resorption

A

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORL)

32
Q
  • Impaction of food inocclusal surfaces of teeth (especially M1 molars) commonly causes these lesoins in horses
  • Can lead to tooth fractures, sinutisis, malodorous nasal discharge
A

Pulpitis & Tooth Root Abscess

33
Q

Types of stomatitis lesions

A
  • Catarrhal (excessive mucous)
  • Vesicular
  • Erosive/Ulcerative (epithelial defect)
  • Granulomatous/Pyogranulomatous (macrophages, MNG cells, neutrophils)
  • Suppurative/Abscessing (neutrophils +/- fibrin)
  • Diptheritic/Pseudomembranous (loosely adherent necrotic tissue)
  • **Lymphoplasmacytic **(chonicity +/- immune-mediated)
  • Proliferative (thickened, exophytic, nodular)
34
Q

Common oral infalmmatory responses to viruses

A
  • Vesicular disease
  • Erosive/ulcerative disease +/- vasculitis
  • Papillomatous
35
Q

Common oral inflammatory responses to bacteria & fungi

A
  • Abscesses (suppurative)
  • Granulomatous/pyogranulomatous
  • Necrosis +/- diptheritic membranes
  • Ulcers +/- vasculitis
36
Q

Important vesicular diseases

A
  • FMD Virus (ruminants, swine)
  • Vesicular Stomatitis (horses, ruminants, swine)
  • Swine Vesicular Disease
  • Vesicular Exanthema of Swine
  • Feline Calicivirus
37
Q
  • Vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals
  • NOT in horses
  • Vesicles -> erosions -> ulcers -> secondary infection -> PAINFUL
  • Lesions found on nose, mouth, feet, coronary band, udder
  • HIGH morbidity
  • LOW mortality
A

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) Virus

38
Q
  • Vesicular stomatitis of cats
  • Part of feline upper respiratory disease complex (+/- co-infection with FHV-1)
  • Multifocal epithelial cell necrosis
  • Lingual & oropharyngeal vesicles -> ulcers
A

Feline Calicivirus

39
Q
  • Viral erosive & ulcerative disease without primary vesicles
  • Multisystemic effects with different clinical forms
    • Epithelial cell necrosis (throughout alimentary tract, ulcerative stomatitis, enterocolitis)
    • Lymphoid necrosis
    • Teratogenic effects
A

Bovine Viral Diarrhea
(Bovine Pestivirus)

40
Q

True/False

An erosion only becomes an ulcer once blood is seen.

A

True

41
Q
  • Bacterial infection with gram+ filamentous bacilli introduced through penetrating wounds of the oral cavity
  • Pyogranulomatous stomatitis -> osteomyelitis -> reactive bone proliferation
A

Lumpy Jaw
(Actinomycosis)

Actinomyces bovis

42
Q

What is a sulfur granule?

A

a mat of bacteria

43
Q

Sequale for foreign body direct traumatic injuries

A

Penetration -> innoculoation -> migration -> abscesses +/- pyogranulomas -> cheilitis, stomatitis, glossitis, cellulitis

44
Q

A common vesicular disease in cats is

A

Feline Calicivirus

45
Q

Vesicular diseases in large animals are reportable to investigate potential Foot and Mouth Disease Virus, a disease that has _ morbitity and _ mortality.

A

HIGH Morbidity
LOW Mortality

46
Q

True/Fales

If you identify vesicular lesions in the oral cavity of a horse, Foot and Mouth Disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis.

A

False

Horses do not get FMDV

47
Q

True/False

Mechanical disruption of vesicles often results in painful erosions and ulcers.

A

True

48
Q

A benign neoplasm that often forms multiple exophytic, verrucous nodules comprising squamous epithelium arising within the mouth or lips of young dogs that often undergoes spontaneous regression is:

A

Viral Papillomas

49
Q

A non-neoplastic “reactive” proliferation associated with periodontitis that forms single to multiple firm raised nodules arising from the gingiva that histologically comprising hyperplastic squamous epithelium and edematous proliferative fibrovascular tissue within the submucosa is:

A

Fibrogingival Hyperplasia

50
Q

A benign odontogenic neoplasm (periodontal ligament origin) forming single to multiple raised nodules that histologically comprise spindle shaped mesenchyme with dentinous/osseous/cementum islands and scattered islands of bland odontogenic epithelium (ie, rests of Malassez):

A

Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
(POF)

51
Q

A raised, firm-to-hard, locally invasive and aggressive mass comprised of ameloblasts (primitive enamel epithelium) that invades bone, can recur post-operatively, but does not metastasize is:

A

Acantomatous Ameloblastoma
(AA)

52
Q

A brown-black pigmented firm raised mass arising within the oral cavity that is locally invasive and aggressive with frequent, rapid, widespread metastasis is:

A

Malignant Melanoma

53
Q

One important differential diagnosis for a horse with a malodorous unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge is _ arising from a _.

A

Sinusitis arising from a Tooth Root Abscess

54
Q

In a neonate with dyspnea and/or signs of pneumonia, you should examine the oral cavity for what?

A

Palatoschisis

Veterinary Pathology (14 decks)

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