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Veterinary Pathology > Alimentary - Intestines > Flashcards

Alimentary - Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of entire intestines

A

Enterocolitis

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2
Q

Inflammation of cecum

A

Typhlitis

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3
Q

Microvillus damage from zoonotic protozoa leading to malabsorptive/maldigestive diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Cryptosporidium

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4
Q

Lamina propria invasion leading to capillary fibrin thrombi, mucosal necrosis, and effusive/exudative diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Salmonella

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5
Q

Crypt cell necrosis leading to delayed repopulation of villus enterocytes and malabsorptive/maldigestive diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Canine/Feline Parvovirus

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6
Q

Microvillus damage from bacteria leading to malabsorptive/maldigestive diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Attaching & Effacing E. coli
(AEEC)

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7
Q

Dysmotility from intraluminal impaction causing diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Ascarids

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8
Q

Hypersecretion diarrhea from a structurally intact epithelium is associated with which pathogen?

A

Enterotoxigenic E. coli
(ETEC)

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9
Q

Diffuse granulomatous enteritis leading to effusive/exudative diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
(Johne’ Disease)

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10
Q

Villus enterocyte necrosis leading to replacement by immature enterocytes and malabsorptive/maldigestive diarrhea is associated with which pathogen?

A

Coronaviruses

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11
Q

The most common neoplasm that causes segmental to multisegmental diffuse round cell infiltrates within the gastrointestinal tract of cats, horses, cows, pigs and dogs is:

A

Lymphoma

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12
Q

All are considered PHYSICAL OBSTRUCTIONS of the gastrointestinal tract except [1] which is considered a FUNCTIONAL OBSTRUCTION.
1. GDV
2. Intussusception
3. Linear foreign body
4. Ileus
5. Large colon volvulus

A

Ileus
-can occur as post-op complication or due to peritonitis

ileus = stasis

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13
Q

Are there villi located in the large intestine (cecum/colon)?

A

NO

tight intercellular junctions

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14
Q

What are the 3 phases of intestinal injury?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Subacute
  3. Chronic
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15
Q

What are the 4 intestinal reactions to acute injury?

A
  1. Mucoid (catarrhal) Exudate
  2. Hemorrhagic Exudate
  3. Diptheritic Membranes
  4. Villus Blunting (contraction)
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16
Q

What are the 4 intestinal reactions to subacute injury?

A
  1. Villus Fusion
  2. Crypt Abscesses
  3. Crypt Hyperplasia
  4. Epithelial Attenuation
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17
Q

What are the 4 intestinal reactions to chronic injury?

A
  1. Fibrosis
  2. Granulomatous Inflammation
  3. Lymphangiectasia
  4. Muscular Hypertrophy
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18
Q

Combination of Fibrin, Hemorrhage, & Cellular Debris common in virulent pathogen infections.

- commonly seen in Salmonella & Clostridium infections

A

Diptheritic Membranes

acute
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19
Q

The villi below are an example of:

acute
A

Villus Blunting

20
Q

The villi below are an example of:

e.g. coronavirus & parvovirus infections

subacute
A

Villus Fusion

also villus blunting

21
Q

The villi below are an example of:

e.g. Cryptosporidium, Lawsonia intracellularis infections

subacute
A

Crypt Hyperplasia

22
Q

The villi below are an example of:

subacute
A

Epithelial Attenuation

23
Q

The villi (or lack of) below are an example of:

- dysmotility, protein exudation/effusion, malabsorption/maldigestion

chronic
A

Fibrosis

a chronic reaction to injury

24
Q

The villi below are an example of:

chronic
A

Granulomatous Inflammation

25
Q

The dilated lymphatic ducts (left) and lacteals within villi (right) combined show:

Cause Protein Losing Enteropathy

chronic
A

Lymphangiectasia

26
Q

The intestinal wall below is an example of:

chronic
A

Muscular Hypertrophy

27
Q

Inflammation of cecum and colon

A

Typhlocolitis

28
Q

Inflammation of rectum

A

Proctitis

29
Q

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

A

Gastroenteritis

30
Q

Inflammation of small intestine (just ileum)

A

Ileitis

31
Q

Definition of diarrhea:

A

Secretion of abnormally fluid feces accompanied by
* increased volume of feces
* increased frequency of defecation

32
Q

What are the 4 basic mechanisms of diarrhea?

A
  1. Hypersecretion
  2. Malabsorption/Maldigestion
  3. Exudation/Effusion
  4. Dysmotility
33
Q

The normally functioning villi should possess:

A
  • intact microvilli
  • tall columnar villus enterocytes
  • crypt epithelium (progressive differentiation up the villi)
34
Q

Pathogen associated with hypersecretion diarrhea

A

ETEC
* ENTEROTOXIN activates cAMP/cGMP -> FLUID SECRETION

35
Q

True/False

Malabsorptive/Maldigestive diarrhea is a passive process via osmosis.

A

True

36
Q

Intestinal causes of Malabsorptive/Maldigestive diarrhea

A
  • microvillus damage/destruction
  • absorptive enterocyte necrosis/loss
  • crypt cell necrosis/loss
  • crypt hyperplasia -> epithelial attenuationl
37
Q

Pathogens associated with microvilli damage/destruction in Malabsorptive/Maldigestive diarrhea

A
  • AEEC
  • Cryptosporidium
38
Q

Pathogens associated with villus enterocyte necrosis in Malabsorptive/Maldigestive diarrhea

A
  • Enteric Coronaviruses - pigs (TGE), calves, cows, horses
  • Enteric Rotavirus
  • Coccidia Protozoans
39
Q

Pathogens associated with crypt cell necrosis in Malabsorptive/Maldigestive diarrhea

A

Radiomimetic Viruses
* Canine & Feline Parvoviruses (FPLV) - immunosuppression, diptheritic membranes, septicemia, SLOW regeneration, teratogenic effect (cerebellar hypoplasia)
* Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)

40
Q

Key histological features of FPLV

A
  • crypt necrosis
  • villus blunting & fusion
  • crypt regeneration
41
Q

Pathogens associated with crypt hyperplasia in Malabsorptive/Maldigestive diarrhea

A
  • Lawsonia intracellularis - proliferative enteritits, mucosal thickening
42
Q

Pathogens associated with villus enterocyte necrosis AND lamina propria damage in Exudative/Effusive diarrhea

A
  • Salmonella - zoonotic, virulence factors (flagella, fimbriae, LPS, endotoxin)
  • Clostridium perfringens & C. difficile - horses

Diptheritic membrane

43
Q

Conditions associated with lymphatic obstruction (PLE) / infiltrative disease in Exudative/Effusive diarrhea

A
  • Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) - granulomatous inflammation, protein losing-enteropathy (PLE)
  • Lymphoma - neoplastic infiltrates
44
Q

What pathogen of cattle features gross lesions with thickened, “corrugated” mucosa, mucosal erosions, and mesenteric lymphadenitis. Histologically you will see intracellular acid-fast bacilli.

A

Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
(Johne’s Disease)

45
Q

Dysmotility where there is decreased contact time with mucosa, leading to maldigestion/malabsorption

A

Hypermotility

46
Q

Dysmotility where there is bacterial overgrowth, leading to toxic substance production/reduced fermentation, and secondary secretory or osmotic diarrhea.

A

Hypomotility

Veterinary Pathology (14 decks)

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