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History A level > Alfred > Flashcards

Alfred Flashcards

1
Q

When did Alfred become king?

A

871

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2
Q

Why was Wessex difficult to defend before 871?

A

The large geographical spread and there were only two main roads

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3
Q

Where did Alfred fight his first battle as king?

A

Wilton

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4
Q

Who opposed Alfred’s succession to the throne?

A

Aethelwald

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5
Q

Who was Asser?

A

A monk who was friends with Alfred and wrote a biography of him

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6
Q

Where did Guthrum launch a surprise attack on Alfred in 878?

A

Chippenham

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7
Q

Where did Alfred flee to after the attack at Chippenham?

A

Athelney

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8
Q

In which year did Alfred capture London?

A

886

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9
Q

In which battle did Guthrum lose over 3000 soldiers in 877?

A

Exeter

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10
Q

Which three kingdoms were threatened most by Vikings between 865 and 871?

A

Northumbria, East Anglia and Mercia

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11
Q

What were the three categories of Wessex soldiery by 871?

A

Fyrds, Shires, Ealdorman

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12
Q

Which saint was said to have visited Alfred from Lindisfarne?

A

St Cuthbert

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13
Q

When was the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle published?

A

In the late 892/early 893

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14
Q

Which tactic did Anglo-Saxons and Vikings use before confronting each other head on?

A

guerrilla tactics

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15
Q

When did the Vikings return to England?

A

892

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16
Q

When was the treaty between Alfred and Guthrum made?

A

886-890

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17
Q

Why did the Vikings return in the 890s?

A

Continental defeats and food shortages

18
Q

What did the return of the Vikings mean for Alfred?

A

Alfred consolidates power

19
Q

Why was London captured by Alfred in 886?

A

He believed this would cement relations with Mercia and help restrict the Vikings to the Danelaw and it would help to ensure peace

20
Q

Why was Alfred’s refuge at Athelney important?

A

It was important as it reassured the people that he has not fled the religion

21
Q

Why did Alfred succeed against the vikings?

A

He understood he faced problems that were political, religious and cultural, instead of just military aptitude

22
Q

What was the outcome at the battle of Wilton?

A

Alfred was defeated by the Danes

23
Q

What were some of the effects of Alfred taking London?

A

He created a firmer bond with Aethelred by arranging a marriage of him with Aethelfraed

24
Q

When did Asser arrive at Alfred Court?

A

885

25
Q

When did Alfred finish the translation of ‘Gregory’s pastoral care’?

A

890

26
Q

When was ‘Life of king Alfred’ published?

A

893

27
Q

When did Grimbald arrived at Alfred’s court?

A

886

28
Q

When was Gregory made pope?

A

590

29
Q

What texts did Alfred personally translate?

A

Gregory’s pastoral care, St Augustine’s soliloquies and The first 50 psalms of the psalter

30
Q

Who was Fulco?

A

Archbishop of Rheims

31
Q

Why did Alfred want to improve education?

A

To make himself and the people have a better connection with god, because he craved the education he lacked in childhood and to help them beat the vikings

32
Q

How did Alfred improve education?

A

Inviting scholars from the continent to educate him and translating latin texts

33
Q

When did Alfred die?

A

899

34
Q

Who was Alfred’s successor?

A

Edward. His son.

35
Q

When did the Vikings attack Chichester?

A

895

36
Q

Who was Gregory?

A

A pope, who was born in Rome. He wrote Gregory’s pastoral care.

37
Q

Who was St Augustine?

A

Known as Augustine of Hippo and was a Christian theologian and philosopher.

38
Q

Why did Alfred want Priest to know Latin?

A

Most Religious texts were written in Latin. He wanted the priests to know Latin so they could relay the message to the people

39
Q

What are some key translations and writings that Alfred used in the Alfredian renaissance?

A
  • Gregory’s pastoral care
  • Boethius’s Consolidation of Philosophy
  • St Augustine’s soliloquies
  • The First 50 Psalms of the Psalter
40
Q

Who did Alfred give jurisdiction over the monasteries at Banwell and Congresbury?

A

Asser

41
Q

When and where was the first major Burh constructed?

A

In 911 at Hertford

42
Q

Why was the first major Burh constructed?

A

To repel the Viking advances in East Anglia and the east midlands

History A level (5 decks)

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