alex 7 gh unit 2 test Flashcards

Question

Reason #1 - Economics

Answer 1

Europeans set up colonies so they could claim resources of the land for themselves Canada was rich in fur which was highly valued in Europe Fashion craze for beaver hats and fur coats Beaver was extinct in Europe

Answer 2

European countries were often at war with one another Competing for land and resources The more colonies a country controlled, the more power, prestige and wealth it had Colonies supplied home countries with resources Timber and Iron ore

Answer 3

Most Europeans were Christian They believed that their religion was the “one true faith” Within Christianity there was competition between Catholics and Protestants France – Catholic England – Protestant Both groups wanted to send missionaries around the world to spread their version of Christianity

Answer 4

Europeans were also curious about what lay beyond the horizon They wanted to know what was out there This played an important part in their expansion around the world New technologies and improvements in navigation helped them to travel farther than they have ever before

Answer 5

Although Cartier's settlement on the St. Lawrence had failed, France did not forget about North America Fishing fleets still came to the North Atlantic Fur traders still came to trade with the First Nations

Answer 6

In 1604, Pierre de Monts (a French noble) received a trading monopoly He sailed to North America to set up a colony He took with him Samuel de Champlain, a mapmaker and explorer In 1605, a settlement was established at Port Royal on the Bay of Fundy The French called this area Acadia Means “an earthly paradise”

Answer 7

The indigenous Mi'kmaq did not at first protest against the French colony They did not interfere with their hunting or fishing They welcomed the opportunity to trade their furs for metal goods and blankets They were willing to share the land, as long as they still were able to have access to it and its resources

Answer 8

Over time, more and more French citizens came to Acadia Life was hard, but it was no harder than life had been in France Acadia offered poor farmers a chance to make a new start They spread out along the shores of the Bay of Fundy They made their living by farming, fishing and hunting They created a unique community and culture – they were the first Acadians

Answer 9

Port Royal was not very close to the centre of the fur trade This made Champlain and de Monts decide to move to the St. Lawrence River They chose a site near Stadacona The colonists called their settlement Quebec Algonquin for “the place where the river narrows.” It was a great place to trade furs, but was very dangerous to live

Answer 10

Champlain's main goals in life was to build the colony of Quebec and to develop the fur trade He lived in Quebec for 27 years During that time, he returned to France eight times Champlain also built alliances with the Montagnais and Algonquin First Nations He also explored and travelled Canada's rivers where he met the Wendat (Huron) Champlain wanted to trade with the Wendat, so he agreed to help them fight the Haudenosaunee The two First Nations groups raided one another frequently By siding with the Wendat, Champlain fuelled a long lasting feud Champlain died on Dec. 25, 1635 in Quebec He came to be known as the founder of New France

Answer 11

Etienne Brule was one of the first Coureurs In 1610, the French and the Wendat agreed to a cultural exchange Brule went to live with the Wendat, and Savignon, a young Wendat, went to live in France During his years with the Wendat, Brule learned to appreciate their way of life He learned their language He practised their customs He came to know their territory Became the first European to travel up the Ottawa River into the Georgian Bay

Answer 12

In France, Savignon was not having as good of a time as Brule He learned to speak French, but wanted to return home He described France as a place where children were treated badly He described beggars and poverty

Answer 13

Pierre Radisson and his brother-in-law Sieur de Groseillier were two of the most adventurous Coureurs In 1650 Radisson came to New France as a boy As a teenager he was kidnapped by Mohawk but soon adopted into their family He lived with them for two years He learned to speak their language He learned survival skills He became a Coureurs de Bois

Answer 14

In 1659, Radisson joined Groseilliers on a trading trip They went deep inland to the far end of Lake Superior No Europeans had been there before Everywhere they went, the First Nations welcomed them Their knowledge of the countryside grew They gave names to the features of the natural world they passed In 1670, they travelled to Hudson Bay because they had been told it was rich in furs

Answer 15

The French had been hearing about a mighty river beyond the Great Lakes that flowed south In Cree this river was called Mississippi or “the big river” In 1672, the king of France sent two explorers, Lois Jolliet and Jacques Marquette, to find where the river flowed Gulf of Mexico or west to the Pacific? They soon learned that there was a Spanish colony close to them They decided to turn back In 1682, Rene Robert Cavalier reached the mouth of the Mississippi at the Gulf of Mexico France claimed all of this area, naming it Louisiana

Answer 16

We know that the French claimed “ownership” of the land they discovered This was not discussed with the First Nations The First Nations had a different idea about land They granted rights to hunt and fish to each other But no one owned the land, it was to be shared by all Most of the population of French colonists were clustered around the St. Lawrence where the first settlement was created New France needed more colonists, but it was hard to convince people to move

Answer 17

The French claimed “ownership” of the land that they discovered The First Nations did not believe in land ownership

Answer 18

France joins the race to find an ocean passage to Asia in the middle of the 16th C King Francois I wanted to find it before anyone else They thought the best way was to search for a way through North America

Answer 19

King Francois I sent Captain Jacques Cartier to find a passage through North America In 1534, Cartier set out for North America across the Atlantic with two ships In 20 days, he arrived off the Newfoundland coast They sailed around the island and entered an inland sea – the Gulf of St. Lawrence

Answer 20

One day when Cartier and his men were exploring, they came across a group of Mi'kmaq The Mi'kmaq were in canoes, whereas the French were in huge ships The language and clothing of both groups were vastly different

Answer 21

In July 1534 Cartier and his crew landed at a place he called Gaspé In Gaspé they met a group of Haudenosaunee and their leader, Donnacona They had travelled from their home to fish in the Gaspé Peninsula Cartier took two of Donnacona's sons, Taignoagny and Domagaya with him back to France

Answer 22

Title: Jacques Cartier at Gaspe, 1534 This painting by Charles Walter Simpson painted in 1927 shows Cartier raising the cross for France. It was typical of European explorers to claim lands they visited on their travels.

Answer 23

“When we had returned to our ships, the captain [Donnacona], dressed in an old black bear skin, arrived in a canoe with three of his sons and his brother . . . Pointing to the cross, he made us a long harangue, making the sign of the cross with his two fingers; and then he pointed to the land all around, as if to say that all this belonged to him, and that we ought not to have set up this cross without his permission.”

Answer 24

In 1535, Cartier returned to North America with three ships and 110 men He brought Donnacona's sons back with him The sons helped guide the French up the St. Lawrence River They went as far as Stadacona, where Donnacona's people lived

Answer 25

The Haudenosaunee told Cartier about a land northeast of their village It contained fruit trees, metals and gems In the spring of 1536, Cartier forcibly took Donnacona and nine other villagers back to Europe

Answer 26

In 1542 Cartier returned to North America He wanted to set up a colony along the St. Lawrence Only one of the Haudenosaunee Cartier had taken had survived Cartier lied to the Haudenosaunee and told them they were living in Europe From records, it appears that the Haudenosaunee did not believe Cartier's story The Haudenosaunne were now hostile toward the French After another horrible Winter, Cartier and the would-be colonists returned to Europe Cartier took samples of what he thought were gold and diamonds

Answer 27

Because New France was a colony, it was dependent on France for its survival Colonists, supplies and military protection New France supplied resources such as furs and fish The colony made France rich and more powerful

Answer 28

A distinctive Francophone society developed in New France They were expected to be responsible, contributing members In this way, they became citizens of New France

Answer 29

Religion was very important to most Europeans at this time Most people in France were Catholic, so too were those in New France Priests, nuns, missionaries who went to New France helped to build the colony Held religious services, were teachers, ran hospitals, and cared for the poor The colonists supported the church by paying a percentage or their income (tax) called a tithe

Answer 30

The Jesuits started to arrive in 1625 They were a special order of missionaries They kept very meticulous accounts of their work and travels They sent their journals back to France and they were often published A series of journals called Jesuit Relations In the journal was a description of the conversion of some Wendat children and their parents

Answer 31

The centre of daily life in New France was family Women worked in the fields alongside their husband They also looked after their home and children, and helped manage family finances Girls in New France were better educated than in France Wealthy daughters went to boarding schools Other daughters went to schools in the countryside Nuns operated the schools Girls were taught how to read and write and domestic chores There were more schools for girls than for boys In France, many young people went to live in the city to learn a trade at a young age so they never attended school In New France, many children stayed with their families to help with the farm They had a chance to go to school when planting and harvesting was finished

Answer 32

Colonists of New France had a much different life than if they had stayed in France They had more food, better houses, and better education They were pioneers of the fur trade and explorers of the vast Canadian wilderness They were self-reliant with a unique way of life that was different from their ancestors in France They laid the foundations of Canada through hard work and perseverance