Aldehydes + Ketones + Amines Flashcards
Aldehydes and ketones have higher bps than
Alkanes
Aldehydes and ketones have lower bps than
Ketones
Aldehydes can be oxidized to form
- COOH
Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to form
Alcohols
What kind of alcohol is formed from an aldehyde?
1º OH
What kind of alcohol is formed from a ketone?
2º OH
What are two methods that allow for Aldehydes + Ketones to become Alkanes?
- Wolff-Kishner
- Clemmensen
Wolff-Kishner is a method used via
Base
Clemmensen is a method used via
Acid
The protons alpha to the carbonyl are
Relatively Acidic
Quaternary amines generally exist as
Salts
“N” is used to label the substituents attached to the Nitrogen in
2º or 3º amines
N3 are
Azides
C=NR are
Imines
C=CH-NR2 are
Amides
Amine boiling point is found between
Alkanes and alcohols
Ammonia, 1º and 2º can form
Hydrogen bonds
3º amines have
Low boiling points
Amines act as
BL Bases and Lewis Bases
What is used if aldehyde is attached to a ring?
Suffix –carbaldehyde
In the presence of water, aldehydes and ketones react to form
Geminal diols
In the presence of alcohol, aldehydes and ketones react to form
- Hemiacetals
- Hemiketals
Imines and related compounds can undergo tautomerization to form
Enamines
Aldehydes and ketones can also undergo reduction to form alcohols via
- LiAlH4
- NaBH4
The carbonyl carbon is
Electrophilic
The carbonyl carbon is
Electron-withdrawing
KMnO4 allows for aldehydes to become
COOH
LiAlH reduces aldehydes to
Primary alcohols
LiAlH reduces ketones to
Secondary alcohols
Why is it difficult to isolate hemiacetals and hemiketals?
- Unstable molecules
- hydroxyl group is rapidly protonated, leaving behind carbocation
